The Relationship between Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular Function and Body Composition

Abstract

Background: We investigated whether the results of autonomic function tests correlate with body composition and shape in healthy young people. Methods: We conducted cardiovascular reflex tests (heart rate [HR] and blood pressure [BP] responses to the Valsalva maneuver and HR response to deep breathing) and the tilt table test with 32 subjects (19 males; mean age, 22.1±1.9 years). Participants also completed an anthropometric measurement sequence (weight; height; upper arm, hips, and waist circumference; triceps and subscapular skinfold), bioelectric impedance testing, and hand grip strength measurements. Results: Markers of obesity, other anthropometric measures, functional measures, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) were significantly positively correlated with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in both the supine and tilted positions. There was a positive correlation between the difference in HR (∆HR) between the tilt and supine body positions and markers of obesity, the functional marker of dominant handgrip strength, and BMR. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m 2 had significantly lower median values of ∆HR, DBP in the tilttest, SBP at rest, and SBP in the tilt-test than participants who had a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 (10.55 vs. 21.95 bpm,

Masa muscular y control autonómico cardiaco en personas jóvenes en reposo y postejercicio

“…Por otro lado, Smoljo et al estudiaron la regulación del SNA sobre la regulación cardiovascular observando la respuesta a maniobras de Valsalva y los cambios de la presión arterial comparado con la composición corporal; encontraron que los participantes con un IMC <25 kg/m 2 tenían valores medios significativamente más bajos de intervalos R-R y presiones arteriales bajas, además la alta actividad simpática se correlacionó con una alta proporción de tejido adiposo en personas jóvenes sanas, resultados en parte contradictorios con los de este estudio, sin embargo, el porcentaje de agua corporal fue un predictor negativo independiente de la presión arterial sistólica, lo que estaría relacionado con mayor masa muscular 36 . Por último, Behera et al valoraron 77 personas para determinar la relación entre el SNA y la composición corporal; evidenciaron que existe una disminución de las actividades simpáticas y parasimpáticas en aquellos pacientes con IMC elevado, y registraron una relación negativa entre el SNA y el porcentaje de grasa corporal, y una estrecha relación entre el SNA y el porcentaje de masa muscular 37 .…”

Multitrait Genome-Wide Analysis in the UK Biobank Reveals Novel and Distinct Variants Influencing Cardiovascular Traits in Africans and Europeans

“…Existing literature indicates that SBP, DBP, and pulse rate exhibit considerable variations in relation to age and other anthropometric measures of individuals [43][44][45][46] . Therefore, we conducted a rigorous assessment of the linear relationship, using Pearson's correlation, between the cardiovascular traits in conjunction with a series of anthropometric measurements (Figure 1d, Figure 1e and Figure 1f).…”

Relationship between Body Composition and Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in a Large Population of Italian Olympic Athletes

“…In this context, in addition to the well-known importance of the sympathetic nervous system [27], recent experimental studies have provided convincing evidence of a direct influence of vagal activity on weight control [28], thus furthering the model of sympathetic and parasympathetic antagonistic interaction [26] beyond cardiovascular regulation. Investigators' interest towards a more extensive assessment of the relationship among biochemical indicators, body composition [3] and autonomic regulation is, however, limited [29] by technical barriers: the lack of standardization, possible intrusiveness, variable accuracy of the evaluation of body composition, complexity of the assessment of autonomic regulation and cost. Considering the autonomic nervous system, the complexity of analytical techniques and difficulty of interpretation, in particular if mechanistically considering one index at a time, may act as barriers to the more extensive use of HRV in practice, particularly during dynamic conditions, such as exercise [30].…”