The relationship between blood alcohol concentration and crash responsibility for fatally injured drivers

Mounce, Nancy Hatfield; Pendleton, O J

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(92)90038-k

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Motor vehicle collisions with resultant fatalities can involve numerous contributing factors. These fatalities have been reported in the literature often in the context of particular areas of interest such as gender, age (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), site of injury (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), and toxicology (8,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Results are limited to certain populations and various study criteria limiting generalization.…”

Section: Abstract: Forensic Science Transportation Pathology Motor mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Vehicle Collisions and Their Demographics: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study of the Hamilton‐Wentworth Niagara Region*

Lemieux

Fernandes

Rao

2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This retrospective study examined population demographics associated with motor vehicle collision (MVC) fatalities over a 5-year period in the Hamilton-Wentworth Niagara region. Variables were drawn from the five factors proposed by Fierro (1) for investigating deaths caused by transportation: human, chemical, environmental, vehicular, and highway. Factors analyzed included age, gender, position to the vehicle, site(s) of injury, toxicology, environmental contributors, and vehicular findings. From 1999 to 2004, there were 321 MVC fatalities that primarily involved males 20 to 29 years of age and commonly drivers or pedestrians. Cars and trucks were the most frequent vehicles. Fatalities occurred most often on local and regional roads on Fridays and Sundays between 6 pm and 6 am. Mechanical failure and weather conditions were not significant contributors. Toxicological analyses (275/321) were performed on the majority of the study population. Ethanol was present in isolation and with other substances, especially cannabis, mostly in male drivers 20-59 years of age.

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Section: Abstract: Forensic Science Transportation Pathology Motor mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Vehicle Collisions and Their Demographics: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study of the Hamilton‐Wentworth Niagara Region*

Lemieux

Fernandes

Rao

2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…For reviews of these and other research, see NHTSA (1991a) and NHTSA (1992). More recently, Mounce and Pendleton (1992) extended this line of research by showing that driver BAC is associated with the probability of being responsible for a crash in which they were involved. Research also shows that virtually all drivers, even experienced drivers, are significantly impaired with regard to critical driving tasks, such as braking, lane changing, and divided attention, by the time they reach 0.08 BAC (Moscowitz, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effects of 0.08 BAC laws

Apsler¹

1999

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYStraightforward and powerful reasons exist for lowering the legal limit of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) from 0.10 to 0.08. In 1964, Borkenstein et al. showed that drivers who had been drinking were more likely to be involved in a crash than sober drivers, and that beginning with low BACs, the greater the level of intoxication, the higher the probability of being in a crash. Other investigators have replicated and refined Borkenstein et al.'s original findings. More recently, Mounce and Pendleton (1992) extended this line of research by showing that driver BAC is associated with the probability of being responsible for a crash in which they were involved. Research also shows that virtually all drivers, even experienced drivers, are significantly impaired with regard to critical driving tasks at 0.08 BAC. The strong relationship between BAC level, probability of crash involvement, and increased impairment, has led a growing number of states to lower their legal BAC limits. To date, 16 states and the District of Columbia have lowered the BAC limit to 0.08 for adult drivers.It is hypothesized that implementing a 0.08 BAC law has a synergistic effect on the other components of the anti-drunk driving system, namely the enforcement, adjudication, judicial, licensing, and public information and education components. The U.S. experience suggests that combating drunk driving is most effective when ALL of the components are at play. This was the approach espoused by the U.S. Department of Transportation as early as 1970, in its $88 million Alcohol Safety Action Program, which emphasized a systems approach to reduce alcoholimpaired driving. Even with legislation itself, the enactment of multiple initiatives (often called "omnibus bills") has generally resulted in more public awareness, and often more impact, than the enactment of single-initiative legislation. In the case of 0.08 BAC legislation, it is anticipated that implementing such laws builds upon legislation and other activity already in place. The expectation is that the publicity surrounding 0.08 BAC legislation serves to remind the public about the dangers of drinking and driving and may catalyze the enforcement, judicial, and licensing communities to refocus its efforts on the importance of removing drunk drivers from the nation's roads.The objective of the current study was to review the fatal crash experience of all states that have lowered their BAC limits to 0.08 and to determine the impact of this legislation on alcohol-related fatalities. However, in several of these states, there was not sufficient experience with the lower BAC limit to provide meaningful statistical inferences. At the time this study was begun, eleven states had sufficient experience with 0.08 BAC laws to conduct a meaningful analysis.In summary, our analysis found that the rate of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes declined in eight of the states studied after the effective date of the 0.08 BAC law. Further, 0.08 BAC laws were associated with significant reductions...

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“…Mounce et al, utilizando modelos de regressão logística, demonstraram a existência de uma relação entre a TAS e a responsabilidade do acidente em condutores que vieram a falecer, verificando-se um aumento da mesma, de forma contínua de 0,0 para 0,5 mg/ /ml. 16 Moskowitz et al, num importante estudo em que procederam a uma muito completa revisão da literatura, através da consulta de 112 artigos científicos, concluíram que as diversas actividades psicomotoras associadas à condução são prejudicadas, de forma diferente, pela ingestão de álcool. No estudo em referência foram analisados aqueles efeitos na divisão da atenção, sonolência, manutenção da direcção, controlo do equilíbrio corporal, manutenção da vigilância, tempos de reacção, orientação espacial, equilíbrio, percepção e diversos aspectos da função visual como a acuidade, controlo dos movimentos oculares, visão periférica, etc.…”

Section: Dimensão Do Problemaunclassified

O álcool e os jovens

Marinho¹

2008

RPMGF

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RUI ANTÓNIO ROCHA TATO MARINHO* RESUMO O consumo excessivo de álcool é uma ameaça à saúde pública mundial segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). O consumo de risco está a generalizar-se na juventude europeia. Um quarto dos jovens europeus dos 15 aos 29 anos morre devido ao álcool em excesso. Portugal é uma dos países de maior consumo mundial. Assiste-se ao início do consumo em idades muito precoces (13 anos), na generalização do consumo excessivo nas raparigas, e na adopção muito frequente do consumo tipo «binge drinking» (bebedeira, embriaguez). Este tem consequências muito graves. O álcool provoca cerca de 60 doenças, sendo as de maior impacto em Portugal a cirrose alcoólica e as mortes por acidentes de viação, estas particularmente nos jovens. A cirrose hepática é a décima causa de morte e cerca de 2/3 são de etiologia alcoólica. As mortes por acidentes de viação são de longe a principal causa de morte nos jovens portugueses. Noventa por cento dos acidentes mortais estão relacionados com o factor humano e estima-se que em metade o álcool em excesso esteja na origem do acidente mortal. As medidas a tomar para reduzir os danos do consumo de álcool devem assentar na informação. No entanto, para se ter resultados em termos imediatos, na vertente de evitar algumas mortes, a repressão do consumo de álcool associado à condução nos jovens, não só no aspecto preventivo (aumentar a frequência do teste do balão), como também punitivo (aplicação efectiva e exemplar da lei) é a medida comprovadamente mais eficaz. Estas medidas permitiram salvar milhares de vidas nos países onde têm sido aplicadas, como por exemplo no Reino Unido.

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The relationship between blood alcohol concentration and crash responsibility for fatally injured drivers

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Motor Vehicle Collisions and Their Demographics: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study of the Hamilton‐Wentworth Niagara Region*

Motor Vehicle Collisions and Their Demographics: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study of the Hamilton‐Wentworth Niagara Region*

The effects of 0.08 BAC laws

O álcool e os jovens

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