The relationship between DSM‐III symptom disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) in an outpatient population

Alnæs, Randolf; Torgersen, Svenn

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06371.x

Cited by 180 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Studies on comorbidity between PDs and Axis I disorders have not found a relation between NPD and depression or anxiety-related disorders (17)(18)(19)(20). Furthermore, findings from the large non-psychiatric literature on narcissism conducted from a social-personality perspective suggest a negative relation between narcissism and psychological distress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment

Miller¹,

Campbell²,

Pilkonis³

2007

Comprehensive Psychiatry

253

146

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This study examined the construct validity of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) by examining the relations between NPD and measures of psychological distress and functional impairment both concurrently and prospectively across two samples. In particular, the goal was to address whether NPD typically "meets" Criterion C of the DSM-IV definition of Personality Disorder, which requires that the symptoms lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. Sample 1 (N =152) was composed of individuals receiving psychiatric treatment, while Sample 2 (N=151) was composed of both psychiatric patients (46%) and individuals from the community. NPD was linked to ratings of depression, anxiety, and several measures of impairment both concurrently and at 6-month follow-up. However, the relations between NPD and psychological distress were (a) small, especially in concurrent measurements, and (b) largely mediated by impaired functioning. NPD was most strongly related to causing pain and suffering to others, and this relationship was significant even when other Cluster B personality disorders were controlled. These findings suggest that NPD is a maladaptive personality style which primarily causes dysfunction and distress in interpersonal domains. The behavior of narcissistic individuals ultimately leads to problems and distress for the narcissistic individuals and for those with whom they interact. Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairmentNarcissistic personality disorder (NPD), despite substantial interest from a theoretical perspective, has received very little empirical attention (1). In fact, some have concluded that "most of the literature regarding patients suffering with narcissistic personality disorder is based on clinical experience and theoretical formulations, rather than empirical evidence" (2; p. 303). A large majority of empirical studies on narcissism come from a social-personality psychology perspective which, while methodologically sophisticated and important, may not pertain to Narcissistic PD given the reliance on undergraduate samples and the use of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI, 3). Trull and McCrae (4) have noted that narcissism measured by the NPI appears to be made up of high Extraversion, low Agreeableness, and low Neuroticism from the Five-Factor Model of personality (5), while DSM definitions suggest low Agreeableness, high Neuroticism and no relation with Extraversion. These authors suggest that "most narcissistic scales do not square well with DSM-III-R criteria for NAR" (4; p.53).1 Correspondence concerning this article can be addressed to Joshua D. Miller, Ph.D., Psychology Building, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Fax: (706) 542-8048 E-mail: jdmiller@uga.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will un...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment

Miller¹,

Campbell²,

Pilkonis³

2007

Comprehensive Psychiatry

253

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A este respecto destacamos que distintos estudios informan de que los pacientes con TPA parecen mostrar porcentajes más elevados de TPe comparados con los pacientes con TP (Iketani et al, 2002), concretamente, en TPe Evitativo (Alnaes y Torgersen, 1988a, 1988bIketani et al, 2002). Este resultado coincide con el obtenido en nuestro estudio de revisión (Tabla 1).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Según nuestra revisión, desde el enfoque de personalidad clínico, los pacientes con TP obtienen mayores porcentajes de casos en el TPe Obsesivo-compulsivo del Cluster C y en el TPe Paranoide del Cluster A, sin embargo, los pacientes con TPA obtienen porcentajes mayores en el TPe Evitativo y Dependiente del Cluster C, en todos los TPe del Cluster B y en los TPe Esquizoide y Esquizotípico. Estos resultados coinciden, con los obtenidos por otros autores (Alnaes y Torgersen, 1988a;Alnaes y Torgersen, 1988b;Alnaes y Torgersen, 1990;Iketani et al, 2002;Mavissakalian y Hamman, 1988).…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Personalidad y Trastorno de Pánico: Un estudio de revisión

2014

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Resumen: A través de este trabajo ofreceremos una revisión exhaustiva de las aportaciones científicas que se han realizado en las últimas tres décadas sobre la influencia de la personalidad en aspectos clínicos y psicopatológi-cos del Trastorno de pánico (TP), con o sin agorafobia (AG). Los resultados que expondremos serán representativos de dos modelos distintos de evaluación y estudio de la personalidad, el modelo de personalidad clínico y el modelo de personalidad normal. Desde ambas perspectivas, parece existir suficiente evidencia para asociar las dimensiones y rasgos patológicos de personalidad más relacionados con la emocionabilidad negativa y la desregulación emocional con el TP, con o sin AG. Entre las variables de vulnerabilidad identificadas en relación a la mayor probabilidad de inicio y mantenimiento del TP destacan: patrones familiares específicos de educación y crianza, la inhibición conductual, la sensibilididad a la ansiedad, y, más recientemente, la percepción de control de la ansiedad. Desde una perspectiva clínica es muy relevante la identificación de estos factores de vulnerabilidad psicopatológica puesto que abren la puerta al diseño e implementación de programas de promoción, prevención y tratamiento que se dirijan específicamente a los procesos psicológicos alterados y mitiguen, con mayor rapidez y eficacia, el sufrimiento de las personas que padecen estas patologías. Palabras clave: Personalidad; trastorno de pánico; revisión; agorafobia; trastornos de la personalidad; factores de riesgo.Title: Personality and panic disorder: a review. Abstract: In this work we offer a comprehensive review of the scientific contributions that have been made in the last three decades on the influence of personality in the psychopathology of panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia (AG). The findings that are discussed are representative of two different theoretical models in the assessment and the study of personality, the clinical approach to personality and the dimensional approach to personality. From both perspectives, there is sufficient evidence to associate the personality factors and the pathological personality traits more related to negative emotionality and emotional dysregulation with PD, with or without AG. Among the vulnerability factors identified in relation to the onset of PD and the maintenance of its symptoms are: specific family and education patterns, behavioral inhibition, anxiety sensitivity, and, more recently, the perception of anxiety control. From a clinical perspective it is very important to identify these psychopathological vulnerabilities in order to design and implement promotion, prevention and treatment programs that specifically target the disordered psychological processes and reduce, more quickly and effectively, the suffering of people with these conditions.

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“…In studies of comorbidity between AVPD and social phobia prior to DSM-IV, considerable overlap was found (Alnaes & Torgersen, 1988;Brooks, Baltazar, & Munjack, 1989;Fahlen, 1995;Heimberg, Hope, Dodge, & Becker, 1990;Jansen, Arntz, Merckelbach, & Mersch, 1994;Sanderson, Wetzler, Beck, & Betz, 1994;Turner, Beidel, Borden, Stanley, & Jacob, 1991). Earlier studies that have compared patients with the generalized social phobia with and without AVPD argued for quantitative, not qualitative, differences between the two groups (Boone et al, 1999).…”

Section: Avpd and Social Phobiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoidant Personality Disorder, Traits, and Type

Sanislow

Cruz

Gianoli

et al. 2012

The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders

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In this chapter, the evolution of the avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) diagnosis, its current status, and future possibilities are reviewed. AVPD is a chronic and enduring condition involving a poor sense of self and anxiety in social situations, and it is marked by fears of rejection and a distant interpersonal stance. AVPD may be conceptualized at the severe end of a continuum of social anxiety. In the extreme, traits, mechanisms, and symptoms become integral to chronic dysfunction in personality and interpersonal style. While AVPD is a valid diagnostic construct, the optimal organization of AVPD criteria for the diagnosis, and the relationship of avoidant personality traits to anxiety, remain to be determined.

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The relationship between DSM‐III symptom disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) in an outpatient population

Cited by 180 publications

References 7 publications

Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment

Narcissistic personality disorder: relations with distress and functional impairment

Personalidad y Trastorno de Pánico: Un estudio de revisión

Avoidant Personality Disorder, Traits, and Type

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