The Relationship Between Earlier Onset of Natural Menopause and Elevated Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in Postmenopausal Chinese Women

Abstract

Purpose There is a close correlation between menopausal age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Some research suggests that this risk is attributable to an elevated urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), but further work is needed to explore the link between UACR and age at time of menopause. Patients and Methods Data analyzed in the present study were derived from seven regional centers participating in the REACTION study. A total of 21,672 postmenopausal women met with our study inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were split into three groups based upon their age at onset of natural menopause. A UACR ≥ 30 mg/g was the primary outcome measure for this study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a logistic regression approach. Results Relative to women who were 46–50 years old at time of natural menopause, those with an earlier onset of menopause (≤45 years) exhibited an increased risk of UACR elevation following adjustment for confounding variables (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04–1.33), whereas the opposite was true for women with a later age of menopause onset (>50 years) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.94). For every 1-year delay in the onset of menopause, UACR risk fell by 3% (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98). Conclusion In summary, early menopause (≤45 years old) was linked to a higher risk of UACR elevation in postmenopausal women. However, further work will be needed to understand the mechanistic basis for these findings.

Yin Huo Tang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, relives ovariectomy and empty bottle stimulation-induced menopause-like symptoms in mice

“…ALB, AKT1, IL6, and INS indicate albumin, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, interleukin-6, and insulin, respectively. Early menopause is associated with higher risk of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio elevation in postmenopausal women ( 42 ). The expression of Akt1 dysregulated in menopausal rats ( 43 ).…”

The Role of Endocannabinoid System in Menopause and Its Related-Diseases

“…The process is sustained by a significant decrease of estrogens and progesterone production by ovarian tissues due to natural depletion and aging of the oocytes [1]. Natural menopause is diagnosed after 12 months amenorrhea not related to pathologies, surgery or any kind of therapy (chemo-or radiotherapy) and in the majority of cases it occurs after the age of 51 [2,3]. Conversely, surgical menopause occurs when the cessation of ovarian function is related to surgical removal or medical conditions.…”