The relationship between emergence from spawning gravel and growth in farmed rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>

Andersson, Mariette; Laursen, Danielle Caroline; Silva, P.I.M.; Höglund, Erik

doi:10.1111/jfb.12153

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Interestingly, it appears that the middle fraction possesses the best mix of characteristics; it has the behavioural reluctance of the late emerging fraction, the reduced stress sensitivity of the early emergers, and an intermediate routine metabolism. The overall result is an increased willingness to feed, which lends support to earlier work on juvenile rainbow trout (Andersson et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Proactive coping style in early emerging rainbow trout carries a metabolic cost with no apparent return

Skov

Gregersen

Gesto

et al. 2019

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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The timing with which salmonid larvae emerge from their gravel nests is thought to be correlated with a particular suite of behavioural and physiological traits that correspond to the stress coping style of the individual. Among these traits, aggressiveness, dominance and resilience to stress, are potentially interesting to exploit in aquaculture production. In the present study a series of experiments were performed, with the purpose of characterising behavioural, metabolic and production related traits in rainbow trout juveniles from different emergence fractions. Newly hatched rainbow trout were sorted according to their emergence time from an artificial redd. The early, middle, and late fractions were retained and assessed for their physiological response to stress, growth performance, metabolism, fasting tolerance, and potential for compensatory growth. The early emerging fraction showed proactive behavioural traits; they were faster to reappear following startling, showed a reduced cortisol response following stress, and a reduced metabolic cost of recovery. Emergence time was not correlated with any differences in standard or maximum metabolic rates, but was however, correlated with higher routine metabolic rates, as demonstrated by significantly bigger weight losses during fasting in the early emerging group. Growth rates and feed conversion efficiencies were not significantly different when fish were co-habitated under a restrictive feeding regime, suggesting that early emerging fish are not able to monopolise food resources. The intermediate emerging group, which makes up the bulk of a population and is often ignored, appears to possess the best growth performance traits, possibly because they do not expend excessive energy on dominance behaviour such as the early emerging group, while they are also not overly timid or stress prone such as the late emerging group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Proactive coping style in early emerging rainbow trout carries a metabolic cost with no apparent return

Skov

Gregersen

Gesto

et al. 2019

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…Finally, it should be noted that an increasing number of studies also report that contrasting coping styles in fish are reflected in somatic and morphological traits such as developmental rate (Andersson et al . , ,b) and pigmentation patterns (Kittilsen et al . ,b, ; Bäckström et al .…”

Section: Assessment Of Coping Styles In Farmed Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Andersson et al . () reported a coupling between stress‐coping styles and the time to reach first feeding (low cortisol responders had larger yolk reserves at emergence time) which can be used as a proxy.…”

Section: Consistency and Plasticity Of Coping Styles In Farmed Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time to reach the first feeding in salmonids has also been suggested to predict coping styles. Recently, Andersson et al (2013b) reported a coupling between stress-coping styles and the time to reach first feeding (low cortisol responders had larger yolk reserves at emergence time) which can be used as a proxy.…”

Section: Proxies For Measuring Coping Styles In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coping styles in farmed fish: consequences for aquaculture

Castanheira

Conceição

Millot

et al. 2015

Reviews in Aquaculture

172

184

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Individual differences in physiological and behavioural responses to stressors are increasingly recognised as adaptive variation and thus raw material for evolution and fish farming improvements including selective breeding. Such individual variation has been evolutionarily conserved and is present in all vertebrate taxa including fish. In farmed animals, the interest in consistent trait associations, that is coping styles, has increased dramatically over the last years because many studies have demonstrated links to performance traits, health and disease susceptibility and welfare. This study will review (i) the main behavioural, neuroendocrine, cognitive and emotional differences between reactive and proactive coping styles in farmed fish; (ii) the methodological approaches used to identify coping styles in farmed fish, including individual (group) mass-screening tests; and (iii) how knowledge on coping styles may contribute to improved sustainability of the aquaculture industry, including welfare and performance of farmed fish. Moreover, we will suggest areas for future research, where genetic basis (heritability/ epigenetic) of coping styles, and the neuroendocrine mechanisms behind consistent as well as flexible behavioural patterns are pinpointed as central themes. In addition, the ontogeny of coping styles and the influence of age, social context and environmental change in coping styles will also be discussed.

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“…While some studies of juvenile salmonids have demonstrated that fitness and life-history strategies may be linked to individual differences in behavioural traits [ 25 , 33 – 35 ], others have been unable to document such relationships [ 36 , 37 ]. Moreover, it has been suggested that behavioural characteristics associated with spawning nest emergence can affect growth and timing of smoltification (seawater adaptation) in salmonids reared under hatchery conditions [ 25 , 38 ]. However, it remains unknown if such relationships persist in natural habitats, where environmental complexity is higher and there are more dynamic ecological factors influencing selection such as competition, predation, and resource availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Emergence Time and Early Social Rearing Environment on Behaviour of Atlantic Salmon: Consequences for Juvenile Fitness and Smolt Migration

et al. 2015

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Consistent individual differences in behaviour have been well documented in a variety of animal taxa, but surprisingly little is known about the fitness and life-history consequences of such individual variation. In wild salmonids, the timing of fry emergence from gravel spawning nests has been suggested to be coupled with individual behavioural traits. Here, we further investigate the link between timing of spawning nest emergence and behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), test effects of social rearing environment on behavioural traits in fish with different emergence times, and assess whether behavioural traits measured in the laboratory predict growth, survival, and migration status in the wild. Atlantic salmon fry were sorted with respect to emergence time from artificial spawning nest into three groups: early, intermediate, and late. These emergence groups were hatchery-reared separately or in co-culture for four months to test effects of social rearing environment on behavioural traits. Twenty fish from each of the six treatment groups were then subjected to three individual-based behavioural tests: basal locomotor activity, boldness, and escape response. Following behavioural characterization, the fish were released into a near-natural experimental stream. Results showed differences in escape behaviour between emergence groups in a net restraining test, but the social rearing environment did not affect individual behavioural expression. Emergence time and social environment had no significant effects on survival, growth, and migration status in the stream, although migration propensity was 1.4 to 1.9 times higher for early emerging individuals that were reared separately. In addition, despite individuals showing considerable variation in behaviour across treatment groups, this was not translated into differences in growth, survival, and migration status. Hence, our study adds to the view that fitness (i.e., growth and survival) and life-history predictions from laboratory measures of behaviour should be made with caution and ideally tested in nature.

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The relationship between emergence from spawning gravel and growth in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Proactive coping style in early emerging rainbow trout carries a metabolic cost with no apparent return

Proactive coping style in early emerging rainbow trout carries a metabolic cost with no apparent return

Coping styles in farmed fish: consequences for aquaculture

Effects of Emergence Time and Early Social Rearing Environment on Behaviour of Atlantic Salmon: Consequences for Juvenile Fitness and Smolt Migration

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