The relationship between extension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and sprint time for 100 m Olympic athletes

Krell, Jason; Stefanyshyn, Darren J.

doi:10.1080/02640410500131621

Cited by 38 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Furthermore, results suggest there may be a decrease in MTP joint angular velocity during the left step on the bend compared to the straight. Krell and Stefanyshyn established that faster male sprinters elicited higher maximal rates of MTP extension. Therefore, decreased MTP joint angular velocity might contribute to the decrease in sprint performance found on the bend.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal force production and multi‐segment foot kinematics during the acceleration phase of bend sprinting

Judson

Churchill

Barnes

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This paper investigated horizontal force production, foot kinematics, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint push‐off axis use during acceleration in bend (anti‐clockwise) and straight‐line sprinting. It was hypothesized that bend sprinting would cause the left step push‐off to occur about the oblique axis, resulting in a decrease in propulsive force. Three‐dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected from nine participants during sprinting on the bend (36.5 m radius) and straight. Antero‐posterior force was reduced at 38%‐44% of stance during bend sprinting compared with the straight. This coincided with an increase in mediolateral force for the majority of the stance phase (3%‐96%) on the bend compared with the straight. In addition, a lower propulsive impulse was reported on the bend compared with the straight. Analysis of multi‐segment foot kinematics provides insight into the possible mechanisms behind these changes in force production. Mean mediolateral center of pressure position was more lateral in relation to the second metatarsal head in the left step on the bend compared with the straight, indicating the oblique axis was used for push‐off at the MTP joint. Greater peak joint angles of the left foot were also reported, in particular, an increase in left step midfoot eversion and internal ankle rotation. It is possible these changes in joint kinematics are associated with the observed decrease in propulsive force. Therefore, practitioners should seek to strengthen muscles such as tibialis posterior in frontal and sagittal planes and ensure specificity of training which may aid in addressing these force reductions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values for the left limb were multiplied by −1 for the ease of interpretation. Metatarsophalangeal angular velocity was included since Krell and Stefanyshyn have shown a relationship between sprint performance and higher maximal rates of MTP extension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal force production and multi‐segment foot kinematics during the acceleration phase of bend sprinting

Judson

Churchill

Barnes

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Studies that have documented foot motion in sprinting have commonly used kinematic sampling rates of 100-200 Hz and consequently filtered the displacement data with a cut-off frequency of 8-20 Hz (Stefanyshyn & Nigg, 1997, 1998Krell & Stefanyshyn, 2006). These measurement procedures are typical of those found for slower activities such as walking and jogging; however it is unclear whether they can adequately capture the rapid motion of the foot during ground impact in high-speed activities such as sprinting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement procedures affect the interpretation of metatarsophalangeal joint function during accelerated sprinting

Smith

Lake

Lees

et al. 2012

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) is a significant absorber of energy in sprinting. This study examined the influence of MPJ axis choice and filter cut-off frequency on kinetic variables describing MPJ function during accelerated sprinting. Eight trained sprinters performed maximal sprints along a runway. Three-dimensional high-speed (1000 Hz) kinematic and kinetic data were collected at the 20m point. Three axis definitions for the five MPJs were compared. MPJ moments, powers and energies were calculated using different filter cut-off frequencies. The more anatomically appropriate dual axis resulted in less energy absorbed at the MPJ compared to the oblique axis which also absorbed less energy compared to the perpendicular axis. Furthermore, a low cut-off frequency (8 Hz) substantially underestimated MPJ kinematics, kinetics and the energy absorbed at the joint and lowered the estimate of energy production during push-off. It is concluded that a better understanding of MPJ function during sprinting would be obtained by using an oblique or anatomically appropriate representation of the joint together with appropriate kinematic data sampling and filtering so that high frequency movement characteristics are retained.

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“…Twenty cadaveric lower limb specimens were mounted on a pneumatic toe plate that created bending about the MTP joint axis. Each limb was randomly bent at an angular rate between 800 -1400 /sec, based off of data collected on elite athletes (Krell & Stefanyshyn, 2006) and bent to different angles of maximum 1MTP extension. After a single bend, the tested specimen was removed and examined for visible joint injury.…”

Section: Sprain Of the First Mtp Joint (Turf-toe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of forefoot bending stiffness of footwear on athletic injury and performance

Stefanyshyn

Wannop

2016

Footwear Science

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Forefoot bending stiffness is a footwear property that has recently been gaining interest despite previously receiving limited attention compared to other footwear characteristics. This review focuses on relevant research studies examining the influence of forefoot bending stiffness on reducing injury and optimizing performance. Discussion of the current limitations and need for future research within the realm of forefoot bending stiffness is also highlighted. By reducing the amount of metatarsophalangeal extension, increased bending stiffness could not only reduce injury risk (e.g. turf-toe), but also serve as a treatment for metatarsal stress fractures by offloading the metatarsals. However, there are surprisingly limited in-depth studies examining how altered forefoot bending stiffness influences injury. Many unknown factors still need to be studied including the appropriate magnitude of bending stiffness and the influence that altering forefoot bending stiffness may have on the injury risk of other joints such as the ankle and knee. Forefoot bending stiffness can influence performance; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Early studies focused on foot energetics, while recent studies have shown the importance of altering the movement of the centre of pressure under the foot and the gearing ratio at the ankle joint. There appears to be a specific amount of forefoot bending stiffness for optimal performance. Future research should focus on identifying the exact mechanism of performance improvement with modified bending stiffness to help determine how this optimal stiffness can be identified.

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The relationship between extension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and sprint time for 100 m Olympic athletes

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Horizontal force production and multi‐segment foot kinematics during the acceleration phase of bend sprinting

Horizontal force production and multi‐segment foot kinematics during the acceleration phase of bend sprinting

Measurement procedures affect the interpretation of metatarsophalangeal joint function during accelerated sprinting

The influence of forefoot bending stiffness of footwear on athletic injury and performance

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