The relationship between gastric-oral Helicobacter pylori and oral hygiene in patients with vitamin B12–deficiency anemia

Sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori to an innate defence mechanism, the lactoperoxidase system, in buffer and in human whole saliva

“…Although there is no absolute evidence for the possibility of H. pylori recolonizing the stomach after eradication therapy, quite convincing studies have been made: deep (>4 mm) periodontal pockets and supra-and/or subgingival calculus together with poor oral hygiene (indicated by soft debris covering the exposed tooth surface) are both associated with a greater number of H. pylori in the oral cavity (Avcu et al, 2001;Umeda et al, 2003) and more frequent recurrence of gastric H. pylori after treatment when compared to patients with better oral health (Avcu et al, 2001). Butt et al (2001) reported that after completion of triple therapy all patients who did not receive local dental treatment in addition to the triple therapy were still H. pylori-positive in their dental plaque.…”

Detection of Helicobacter pylori by Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Subgingival Biofilm and Saliva of Non‐Dyspeptic Periodontal Patients

“…The mode of transmission of H. pylori is poorly understood, although the oral–oral, gastric–oral, and fecal–oral routes are possible 6 . The natural reservoir for H. pylori is unknown, but researchers have suggested that the primary extragastric reservoir for H. pylori is the oral cavity 7–15 . Nevertheless, a great variability in H. pylori frequency in the oral microbiota has been shown, and some investigators failed to find evidence supporting the role of the oral cavity as a significant reservoir of H. pylori 6,12,16‐21 …”

The Emerging Concepts on the Impact of Periodontitis on Systemic Health

“…If the oral cavity is an extra-gastric reservoir of the H. pylori, it may have a bearing on the treatment of H. pylori associated gastric disease on account of the fact that the dental plaque provides protection to the resident microflora (Al Asqah et al, 2009). Dental plaque has been suggested as a reservoir for H. pylori (Avcu et al, 2001).The presence of H. pylori has been universally associated with chronic gastritis, and strongly with duodenal ulcer. Previous studies have also identified the microorganism in dental plaque and saliva, which would implicate the oral cavity as a potential reservoir for H. pylori or as a possible route of transmission to other sites.…”