The Relationship between Internal and External Resources, Coping Strategies, Post-Traumatic Symptoms, and Death-Anxiety of Round-the-Clock Paid Philippine Immigrants and Local Workers Taking Care for the Elderly during and after the Gaza War

Abstract

Objectives: The study examined the relationship between internal resources (sense of mastery and self-esteem), social support, coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidance) and the post-traumatic symptoms and death anxiety of Philippine work immigrants and local workers taking care for the elderly after Gaza War. Methods: A self-reported questioner of a snowball sample of 147 immigrants' workers and 126 Israeli local workers was collected from work agencies in Southern Israel. The study participants agreed to undergo assessments of their post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and death anxiety levels immediately during and after the Gaza war and, their levels of internal resources and social support.

Role of self-esteem and personal mastery on the association between social support and resilience among COVID-19 long haulers

“…As supported by Ungar's social ecological model of resilience [ 45 ] and previous studies [ 40 , [46] , [47] , [48] ], the association between social support and resilience could be mediated through intrapersonal psychological resources. Self-esteem is a primary intrapersonal psychological resource that could mediate the association of social support and resilience [ 40 , 49 , 50 ].…”

“…As supported by Ungar's social ecological model of resilience [ 45 ] and previous studies [ 40 , [46] , [47] , [48] ], the association between social support and resilience could be mediated through intrapersonal psychological resources. Self-esteem is a primary intrapersonal psychological resource that could mediate the association of social support and resilience [ 40 , 49 , 50 ]. Self-esteem is conceptualized as the thoughts and feelings of individuals about their importance and value [ 51 ], which is formed through being evaluated as influential individuals by self and others.…”

Exposure to Terror Attacks and Traumatization Among Immigrants From the Former Soviet Union to Israel: The Positive Effects of Bicultural Identity and Bicultural Social Support

“…These immigrants arrived in Israel under the Law of Return that permits every individual with at least one Jewish grandparent or to the spouse of a Jew to immigrate to Israel and receive Israeli citizenship (The State of Israel, 1970). Immigrants from the FSU have been successfully integrated economically and socially; yet they substantially differ from the Israeli-born population in the level of education, family patterns, value preferences, and other socio-demographic and psychological characteristics (Tartakovsky & Walsh, 2019;2020;Sheps, 2016). About 40% of immigrants from the FSU have settled in the South of Israel (Sheps, 2016).…”

“…The Israeli study had been conducted among Philippine immigrant domestic workers during and immediately after the active phase of armed conflict with Gaza in 2016. It found that more substantial social support was associated with lower levels of psychological distress (Ron, 2020).…”

“…Studies conducted in Israel have also demonstrated that social support may prevent the development of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD and promote the psychological well-being of people exposed to terrorism and security threats (Ben-Tzur et al, 2020; Besser & Priel, 2010; Neria et al, 2010; Weinberg, 2017). However, while there is considerable empirical evidence regarding the beneficial effect of social support on psychological well-being in the majority population in life-threatening situations, only a few studies have examined these relationships among immigrants (e.g., Berthold, 2000), and only one such study has been conducted in Israel (Ron, 2020). The Israeli study had been conducted among Philippine immigrant domestic workers during and immediately after the active phase of armed conflict with Gaza in 2016.…”