The relationship between masculinity and the Type A behavior pattern: the moderating effects of femininity

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine whether a high level of masculinity is associated with the Type A behavior pattern, and whether the level of femininity moderates any main effect for masculinity. The subjects were 743 male and 560 female undergraduate students. In the statistical analysis, we found evidence of the masculinity effect on every Type A score, and a moderating effect of femininity on the "speed-power" subscale score. We discuss the validity of four models of the functions of masculinity and femininity, and consider the moderating effect of femininity in the light of the interactive androgyny model.

Understanding disordered eating in Black adolescents: Effects of gender identity, racial identity, and perceived puberty.

“…Given the concept of androgyny implies an interaction effects between masculinity and femininity, we also calculated a cross-product index of androgyny. Our method of cross-product interactions for psychological androgyny is consistent with previous research (Carter, Silverman, & Jaccard, 2011;Dohi, Yamada, & Asada, 2001;Harrington & Anderson, 1981).…”

Effects of Husbands' Migration on Mental Health and Gender Role Ideology of Rural Mexican Women

“…Western researchers have made the androgyny model quite popular (Dohi, Yamada, & Asada, 2001;Marecek, 1979;Pei-Hui & Ward, 1994); the move toward androgyny is considered a positive change for either gender. We have shown, however, that when women in the villages studied moved toward androgyny as a result of their husbands' migration, they did not experience an increase in mental health.…”

Bullying-victimization problems and aggressive tendencies in Spanish secondary schools students: the role of gender stereotypical traits

“…Studies have reported the positive effects of masculine stereotype traits, irrespectively of sex, on aggressive behaviors. Males and females whose gender selfdescription reveal higher rates of masculine traditional traits report more physical aggression in dating relationships (Thompson 1991), higher levels of provoked and unprovoked aggression (Hammock and Richardson 1992), and are more often involved in aggressive episodes as a part of the Type A behavior pattern (Dohi et al 2001). Other studies, however, did not find a positive effect of masculine traits on women's aggression (Muncer et al 2001) or on women's favorable attitudes about aggression ; so the effect of masculine traits seems to be stronger for men.…”

“…Some studies have shown that people who describe themselves with more feminine traits are less involved in aggressive episodes than people with more masculine traits (Dohi et al 2001), or that they display less anger tendencies and less verbal aggressiveness (Kinney et al 2001); however, this tendency is not generally found worldwide.…”