The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion

Pauzé, Adrianne; Plouffe-Demers, Marie-Pier; Fiset, Daniel; Saint-Amour, Dave; Cyr, Caroline; Blais, Caroline

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92569-2

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“… Individuals with ON may display implicit or explicit body image distortion [ 45 ]. Further research is needed to determine similarities and differences in body image issues across the eating disorder spectrum using a transdiagnostic model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa

et al. 2022

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Purpose Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with “correct” eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included. Methods 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different countries across four continents completed a three-phase modified Delphi process, with 75% agreement determined as the threshold for a statement to be included in the final consensus document. In phase I, participants were asked via online survey to agree or disagree with 67 statements about ON in four categories: A–Definition, Clinical Aspects, Duration; B–Consequences; C–Onset; D–Exclusion Criteria, and comment on their rationale. Responses were used to modify the statements which were then provided to the same participants for phase II, a second round of feedback, again in online survey form. Responses to phase II were used to modify and improve the statements for phase III, in which statements that met the predetermined 75% of agreement threshold were provided for review and commentary by all participants. Results 27 statements met or exceeded the consensus threshold and were compiled into proposed diagnostic criteria for ON. Conclusions This is the first time a standardized definition of ON has been developed from a worldwide, multidisciplinary cohort of experts. It represents a summary of observations, clinical expertise, and research findings from a wide base of knowledge. It may be used as a base for diagnosis, treatment protocols, and further research to answer the open questions that remain, particularly the functional consequences of ON and how it might be prevented or identified and intervened upon in its early stages. Although the participants encompass many countries and disciplines, further research will be needed to determine if these diagnostic criteria are applicable to the experience of ON in geographic areas not represented in the current expert panel. Level of evidence Level V: opinions of expert committees

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa

et al. 2022

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“…Tension-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder is also associated with distortions in body mass index (BI). Therefore, it is important to value and invest in a healthy body, exercise and proper weight control to develop a healthy and ideal BI (Pauzé et al , 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of excessive dieting on eating disorders in adolescent women: a literature review

Son,

Kwon

2024

NFS

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Purpose This paper aims to in the modern world, possessing an attractive appearance is often considered a highly valued attribute. As such, the perceptions and satisfaction with one’s body are shaped by dominant cultural norms. Adolescents, women in particular, who are heavily influenced by media representations, may tend to have a distorted body image (BI), including adopting extreme dieting methods. This study reviews the adverse effects of excessive weight loss associated with this. Design/methodology/approach The authors searched journals and the internet for relevant literature using the keywords “eating disorders”, “body image” and “weight stigma”. In the case study field, they added papers that considered “nutrition” to identify the link between dieting behaviour and nutrition. From these reviews, the authors ultimately selected 190 articles that appeared to meet their research objectives. The papers cover a range of studies published between 1995 and 2023. Findings Among adolescent girls and young women in their early 20s, there is a social media-driven culture of being extremely thin and petite. Weight stigma puts more pressure on them and makes strange behaviours like pro-ana syndrome a part of the culture. The authors have seen that modern BI standards leave young women vulnerable to eating disorders caused by excessive dieting. Originality/value Adolescence is a time of continuous growth, so balanced nutrition is essential. However, biased societal standards of beauty can push adolescent girls who are sensitive to external gaze into excessive dieting and make eating disorders a culture. This review provides a perspective on the behaviours that should be pursued for a healthy BI.

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“…Moreover, participants can be unaware of the criteria they adopt, because the RC approach allows them to make instantaneous and instinctive choices when selecting facial stimuli that more resemble their faces (see Brinkman et al, 2017 , for review). In addition, previous studies have suggested that mental representations visualized through the RC method are less affected by certain response patterns or social desirability than are self-reported measures (e.g., Moon et al, 2020 ; Pauzé et al, 2021 ). Likewise, our findings showed that social desirability was not significantly related to self-CIs but was to self-image relevant variables, such as explicit self-evaluation and self-esteem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the task, some participants may be unaware of the criteria that they adopt to select images ( Brinkman et al, 2017 ). Therefore, mental representations visualized through the RC method may be less susceptible to social desirability as compared to explicit measures, such as self-reports ( Pauzé et al, 2021 ). Supporting this argument, Moon et al (2020) reported that participants’ social desirability was not significantly associated with their self-CIs but with self-reported variables related to self-image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between mental representations of self and social evaluation: Examining the validity and usefulness of visual proxies of self-image

Kim

Moon²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Reverse correlation (RC) method has been recently used to visualize mental representations of self. Previous studies have mainly examined the relationship between psychological aspects measured by self-reports and classification images of self (self-CIs), which are visual proxies of self-image generated through the RC method. In Experiment 1 (N = 118), to extend the validity of self-CIs, we employed social evaluation on top of self-reports as criterion variables and examined the relationship between self-CIs and social evaluation provided by clinical psychologists. Experiment 1 revealed that the valence ratings of self-CIs evaluated by independent raters predicted social evaluation after controlling for the effects of self-reported self-esteem and extraversion. Furthermore, in Experiment 2 (N = 127), we examined whether a computational scoring method – a method to assess self-CIs without employing independent raters – could be applied to evaluate the valence of participants’ self-CIs. Experiment 2 found that the computational scores of self-CIs were comparable to independent valence ratings of self-CIs. We provide evidence that self-CIs can add independent information to self-reports in predicting social evaluation. We also suggest that the computational scoring method can complement the independent rating process of self-CIs. Overall, our findings reveal that self-CIs are a valid and useful tool to examine self-image more profoundly.

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The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa

A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa

The impact of excessive dieting on eating disorders in adolescent women: a literature review

The relationship between mental representations of self and social evaluation: Examining the validity and usefulness of visual proxies of self-image

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