“…In this review, parental factors were studied in over 50% of the studies (Baker et al, 2013; Cutrona & Troutman, 1986; Dunning & Giallo, 2012; Ercegovac et al, 2013; Gordo et al, 2018; Gou et al, 2019; de Haan et al, 2013; Henney, 2016; Holloway et al, 2005; Jover et al, 2014; Knauth, 2000; Kwok & Li, 2015; Mazur, 2006; McBride, 1989; Murdock, 2013; Salonen et al, 2009; Shrooti et al, 2016; Suzuki et al, 2009; Troutman et al, 2012). Specifically, the parental demographic characteristics education level and ethnic background have been suggested to have a strong impact on PSE (Cutrona & Troutman, 1986; Dunning & Giallo, 2012; Ercegovac et al, 2013; Gordo et al, 2018; Gou et al, 2019; de Haan et al, 2013; Henney, 2016; Hill & Tyson, 2008; Holloway et al, 2005; Kwok & Li, 2015; McBride, 1989; Murdock, 2013; Salonen et al, 2009; Suzuki et al, 2009; Teti & Gelfand, 1991; Troutman et al, 2012). In the current review, three studies reported positive association between a higher education level and higher PSE, whilst five studies reported a null association (Cutrona & Troutman, 1986; Ercegovac et al, 2013; Hill & Tyson, 2008; Holloway et al, 2005; Salonen et al, 2009; Shrooti et al, 2016; Suzuki et al, 2009; Teti & Gelfand, 1991).…”