The relationship between reported toothpaste usage in infancy and fluorosis of permanent incisors

Rock, W P; Sabieha, A M

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4809456

Cited by 36 publications

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“…A recent systematic review [19] pointed out 'the cosmetically unacceptable fluorosis'. Highly significant associations between estimated fluoride ingestion from toothpaste and dental fluorosis have been reported [20]. The finding that being of non-Kuwaiti nationality was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of fluorosis both in bivariate and multivariate analyses suggests that some non-Kuwaitis probably came from countries with some endemic fluorosis areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Disabled Children and Young Adults in Kuwait

Shyama¹,

Al-Mutawa²,

Honkala

2001

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in disabled subjects attending the special needs schools in Kuwait. Methods: Eight hundred and thirty-two subjects (442 males, and 390 females) aged 3–29 years, who were visually or hearing impaired or who had physical or developmental disorders, were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 12.1 years. The subjects were examined for dental fluorosis using WHO criteria. Dental fluorosis was scored according to Dean’s index. Results: None of the subjects had severe fluorosis; less than 1.0% of them showed moderate fluorosis; 0.7% had mild and 2.5% had very mild fluorosis. There were no subjects with fluorosis up to the age of 7 years, but the prevalence varied from 0 to 10% between 8 and 20 years and only 1 subject above 20 years of age had fluorosis. Non-Kuwaiti nationality was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of dental fluorosis (OR = 2.4; p = 0.027). Conclusion: Fluorosis was less prevalent among these disabled subjects than had been reported among the healthy population in Kuwait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Disabled Children and Young Adults in Kuwait

Shyama¹,

Al-Mutawa²,

Honkala

2001

Med Princ Pract

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“…Fluorosis is most often seen in areas of water fluoridation, but there does seem to be an association between exces- sive toothpaste ingestion in infancy and fluorosis [Rock and Sabieha, 1997]. Some authors have also suggested that about 0.5 mg F may be ingested by children when a 1,000 ppm F toothpaste is used twice daily; this demonstrates the potential of fluoridated toothpastes to be a significant source of F intake [Stookey, 1994].…”

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confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Studies Comparing the Anti-Caries Efficacy of Children’s Toothpaste Containing 600 ppm of Fluoride or Less with High Fluoride Toothpastes of 1,000 ppm or Above

Ammari

Bloch‐Zupan

Ashley³

2003

Caries Res

111

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Objective: To determine the clinical effectiveness of low fluoride (F) toothpastes, containing 600 ppm or less, with toothpaste containing 1,000 ppm or more fluoride in preventing dental caries. Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing low fluoride toothpastes containing 600 ppm F or less with toothpastes containing 1,000 ppm or more in children or adults. Results: Seven randomised controlled trials were included. These were categorised into two groups depending on the fluoride concentration in the low fluoride group (250 and 500 ppm) and analysed separately. 250 ppm: Results of the meta-analysis were statistically significant (p = 0.002 and 0.0005) and in favour of the control group (1,000 ppm). DFS increments in the 250-ppm group were 0.6–0.7 greater than the 1,000-ppm group. 500 ppm: Only two studies were in this category, and one of them failed to present the baseline caries levels, so a meta-analysis was not carried out. Conclusion: 250 ppm fluoride dentifrice was not as effective in caries prevention in permanent dentition as dentifrice containing 1,000 ppm F or more. More studies have to be carried out to test the anticaries efficacy of 500 against 1,000 ppm and above.

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“…1 However, the early use of fluoride toothpaste is one of many factors that may be associated with an increased risk of fluorosis in both fluoridated and nonfluoridated communities. [2][3][4][5][6] The permanent dentition is at risk of fluorosis during the first 7 years of life 7 but there is evidence that the aesthetically important permanent maxillary incisors are most susceptible before 2 years of age. 8,9 Since 1990, manufacturers of toothpaste in the UK have labelled their products with instructions that children under 7 years of age should be supervised when brushing and use only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young children

Bentley¹,

Ellwood²,

Davies³

1999

Br Dent J

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RESEARCH oral hygieneThe aim of this study was to investigate the reported and observed brushing habits of children aged 30 months and determine the amount of fluoride retained and ingested after brushing with a fluoride toothpaste. MethodIn 1997, 50 children, aged 30 months, who were participating in a community dental health programme, were randomly selected from three districts in the North West Region of England. The homes were visited and parents were first asked about their child's brushing habits. Each child was weighed clothed, but without shoes, on household scales. Parents were then provided with a new, childsize brush (Colgate My First) and a weighed tube of toothpaste and asked to brush their child's teeth in the usual manner. Half the children used a children's toothpaste containing 400 ppm F (Colgate 0-6 Gel) and half used a family toothpaste containing 1,450 ppm F (Colgate Great Regular Flavour). The orifice of both tubes was 8 mm but that of Colgate 0-6 Gel had a star-shaped nozzle. The weight of toothpaste applied per brushing was measured and the method of brushing was observed and recorded.In order to determine the amount of toothpaste and fluoride retained in the mouth after brushing, the amount of toothpaste retained on the brush and collected in rinsing fluids was measured. Care was taken to ensure that toothpaste was not retained on the lips, face and hands of subjects. If this occurred the data for the subject were to be discarded. All waste toothpaste and fluids were stored and placed in a secure container together with the toothbrush. The amount of fluoride from toothpaste remaining on the toothbrush and in the waste fluids was then determined by gas chromatography. 11 The difference between the amount of toothpaste applied to the brush and that recovered after brushing was estimated to be the amount of toothpaste ingested. Results Reported and observed toothbrushing behaviourWhen interviewed, 48 mothers reported that they always put the toothpaste on the child's brush and only two said that their child usually did so. However, five children were observed to dispense their own toothpaste.Thirty-four mothers reported that toothbrushing usually involved both the parent and child, 12 stated that they always brushed their child's teeth and four said that their child brushed their own teeth. However, it was observed that in 21 instances toothbrushing involved both parent and child, 17 parents brushed their child's teeth and 12 children brushed without help.The mothers of 17 children reported that their child spat out toothpaste, although only five were observed to do so. When observed 38 children washed the brush under a running tap and then sucked and swallowed the water from the brush. Although 15 children were reported to use a cup of water, only three did so when observed and these children then spat the water out. Spitting ability was reported by the parents to be a recent phenomenon. TwentyObjective To investigate the reported and observed brushing habits of young children and their in...

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The relationship between reported toothpaste usage in infancy and fluorosis of permanent incisors

Abstract: The results of the study suggest that toothpaste swallowing may be a factor in the production of fluorosis.

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Disabled Children and Young Adults in Kuwait

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Disabled Children and Young Adults in Kuwait

Systematic Review of Studies Comparing the Anti-Caries Efficacy of Children’s Toothpaste Containing 600 ppm of Fluoride or Less with High Fluoride Toothpastes of 1,000 ppm or Above

Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young children

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