The Relationship between Robot’s Nonverbal Behaviour and Human’s Likability Based on Human’s Personality

Abstract

At current state, although robotics technology has been immensely developed, the uncertainty to completely engage in human-robot interaction is still growing among people. Many current studies then started to concern about human factors that might influence human’s likability like human’s personality, and found that compatibility between human’s and robot’s personality (expressions of personality characteristics) can enhance human’s likability. However, it is still unclear whether specific means and strategy of robot’s nonverbal behaviours enhances likability from human with different personality traits and whether there is a relationship between robot’s nonverbal behaviours and human’s likability based on human’s personality. In this study, we investigated and focused on the interaction via gaze and head nodding behaviours (mutual gaze convergence and head nodding synchrony) between introvert/extravert participants and robot in two communication strategies (Backchanneling and Turn-taking). Our findings reveal that the introvert participants are positively affected by backchanneling in robot’s head nodding behaviour, which results in substantial head nodding synchrony whereas the extravert participants are positively influenced by turn-taking in gaze behaviour, which leads to significant mutual gaze convergence. This study demonstrates that there is a relationship between robot’s nonverbal behaviour and human’s likability based on human’s personality.

The Human Takes It All: Humanlike Synthesized Voices Are Perceived as Less Eerie and More Likable. Evidence From a Subjective Ratings Study

“…The "uncanny valley" phenomenon has been widely observed in experiments with visual stimuli (MacDorman, 2006;Bartneck et al, 2007;Seymour et al, 2017;Kätsyri et al, 2019;Pütten et al, 2019). Among other factors, visual liking of humanoids depends on the degree of anthropomorphism in their appearance (Kim et al, 2019), their attitude (Złotowski et al, 2018), expressed emotion (Tschöpe et al, 2017), nonverbal behavior (Thepsoonthorn et al, 2018), motion (Castro-González et al, 2016), their gender (Kraus et al, 2018), and also on participants' personality traits (MacDorman and Entezari, 2015).…”

Mind the Eyes: Artificial Agents’ Eye Movements Modulate Attentional Engagement and Anthropomorphic Attribution

“…In particular, when the physical aspect and the behavioral repertoire of artificial agents resemble one of the human beings, individuals tend to attribute spontaneously to the agent anthropomorphic traits, including mental states, intentional agency, and anthropomorphic traits (Ghiglino et al, 2020b). Subtle hints of human-likeness displayed by a humanoid robot seem to affect attentional engagement and attribution of anthropomorphic traits (see, for example, Martini et al, 2015;Thepsoonthorn et al, 2018). However, we demonstrated that such claims could not be generalized to all possible behaviors that artificial agents might display during spontaneous interaction with the users.…”

A Review of Virtual Assistants’ Characteristics: Recommendations for Designing an Optimal Human–Machine Cooperation

“…Thepsoonthorn et al [90] are interested in the exchange of glances and head movements according to the introverted/extroverted personality, in supportive and speaking behaviors. In their study, introverted people were positively affected by robot head movements (backchannel strategy) that led to better synchrony.…”

“…Results from Thepsoonthorn et al [90] indicate that nonverbal communication style preferences in human-robot interaction differ according to personality traits. Introverted individuals are more sensitive to backchanneling using head motions.…”