The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people

Abstract

In the ageing society, sarcopenia, in which muscle strength and motor function decline with age, has attracted attention, and many researchers have investigated different testing and treatment methods. 1-6 Aspiration resulting from reduced swallowing function is a problem in the elderly, and aspiration pneumonia significantly deteriorates the life prognosis and QOL. 7 These disorders associated with reduced swallowing function were dysphagia. As sarcopenia is involved in the onset of dysphagia, 8,9 the relationship between sarcopenia and dysphagia has attracted attention. AbstractBackground: Sarcopenia in the oral region, including the tongue, leads to declined swallowing function and dysphagia. Muscle mass and strength, and motor function in the oral region have not been examined together, and the relationship between generalised and oral sarcopenia remains unclear. Objective(s):The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between generalised sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in the elderly in order to facilitate the establishment of a method for assessing oral sarcopenia. Methods:A total of 54 elderly persons participated in this study. We examined the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength (GS) and walking speed (WS) as the index of generalised sarcopenia, and the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle (CSG), tongue pressure (TP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) as the index of oral sarcopenia. Results:We found a moderate correlation between CSG and SMI, a weak correlation between GS and TP, and a moderate correlation between WS and ODK. CSG, TP and ODK were significantly smaller in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. By multiple regression analysis, SMI and TP were significantly associated with CSG. ODK, BMI and CSG were significantly associated with TP. WS and SMI were significantly associated with ODK.Conclusion: CSG, TP and ODK were confirmed as endpoints of oral sarcopenia. All endpoints of oral sarcopenia were influenced by those of generalised sarcopenia. K E Y W O R D Sgeniohyoid muscle, oral diadochokinesis, oral sarcopenia, sarcopenia, tongue pressure | 637 KOBUCHI et al.

Tongue muscle strength affects posterior pharyngeal wall advancement during swallowing: A cross‐sectional study of outpatients with dysphagia

“…A decrease in MTP correlated with a decrease in SMI, supporting the results of Kobuchi et al 31 PPWA was not associated with SMI. This result is at odds with the finding that MTP was significantly associated with SMI.…”

“…Result of multiple regression analysisreasons that the tongue pressure and the amount of laryngeal elevation were related.A decrease in MTP correlated with a decrease in SMI, supporting the results of Kobuchi et al31 PPWA was not associated with SMI. This result is at odds with the finding that MTP was significantly associated with SMI.…”

Variability in tongue pressure among elderly and young healthy cohorts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…All TP values measured using the JMS are in the Japanese studies. [2][3][4]7,14,16,20,[22][23][24]33,35,37,38,41,42,44,46,47,49,51,[55][56][57][59][60][61]64,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] It has been considered that TP values measured using the IOPI are slightly higher in the Chinese study 69 than in the European studies, 15,72 slightly lower than in the US studies, 17,34 and close to those in Korean study. 52 It is supposed that these differences among regions are caused by physical constitution such as height, weight or overall muscle mass, and chewing frequency, duration or patterns 52 as well as eating habits.…”

“…7,74 Only a single study reported on the association between TP and cognitive function 75. For future studies, measuring TP in cohorts with different levels of cognitive and/or physical function would add further information of its influence on TP.…”

Oral Management in Rehabilitation Medicine: Oral Frailty, Oral Sarcopenia, and Hospital-Associated Oral Problems

“…Oral frailty-the accumulation of a slightly poor status in oral conditions and function-strongly predicted physical frailty, dysphagia, malnutrition, the need for long-term care, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults (4). Oral sarcopenia refers to sarcopenia associated with oral conditions and function, but its definition has not yet been fully discussed (2,6,24). These age-related concepts of «oral decline» are clinically relevant in rehabilitation settings because they represent a precursor to functional impairment, although more research is needed to determine their definitions and diagnoses.…”