The Relationship Between Serum Calcium Level, Blood Lipids, and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects who Come from a Normal University in East of China

Yao, Yanwen; He, Lianping; Jin, Yuelong; Chen, Yan; Tang, Hui; Song, Xiuli; Ding, Lingling; Qi, Qin; Huang, Zhiwei; Wang, Quanhai; Yu, Jiegen

doi:10.1007/s12011-013-9646-3

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the one hand, the elevation of serum calcium appears to function as a connecting link among various metabolic disorders. Ours and previous studies [ 33 , 36 , 37 , 41 – 43 ] have demonstrated that serum calcium level was positively and linearly associated with glucolipid metabolic parameters including FPG, HOMA-IR, uric acid, TG, TC and LDL-C. Given that various metabolic abnormalities, such as diabetes [ 3 , 5 ], obesity [ 3 , 5 ], hyperuricemia [ 40 ], insulin resistance [ 21 , 38 , 39 ], and metabolic syndrome [ 21 , 39 , 44 ] have been reported in association with abnormal left ventricular diastolic function, which is the fundamental physiopathologic mechanism responsible for the development of HFpEF [ 45 ], the increased serum calcium level may correlate with HFpEF prevalence through metabolic abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Association of serum calcium and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Dai

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a recognized trigger factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recent studies show that higher serum calcium level is associated with greater risk of both T2DM and heart failure. We speculate that increased serum calcium is related to HFpEF prevalence in patients with T2DM.MethodsIn this cross-sectional echocardiographic study, 807 normocalcemia and normophosphatemia patients with T2DM participated, of whom 106 had HFpEF. Multinomial logistic regression was carried out to determine the variables associated with HFpEF. The associations between serum calcium and metabolic parameters, as well as the rate of HFpEF were examined using bivariate linear correlation and binary logistic regression, respectively. The predictive performance of serum calcium for HFpEF was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsPatients with HFpEF have significantly higher serum calcium than those without HFpEF. Serum calcium was positively associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid, HOMA-IR and fasting plasma glucose. Compared with patients in the lowest serum calcium quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for HFpEF in patients in the highest quartile was 2.331 (95 % CI 1.088–4.994, p = 0.029). When calcium was analyzed as a continuous variable, per 1 mg/dL increase, the OR (95 % CI) for HFpEF was [2.712 (1.471–5.002), p = 0.001]. Serum calcium can predict HFpEF [AUC = 0.673, 95 % CI (0.620–0.726), p < 0.001].ConclusionsAn increase in serum calcium level is associated with an increased risk of HFpEF in patients with T2DM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Association of serum calcium and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Dai

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…Findings in this recent study is contradictive with a previous study conducted by Yao, Y et al, in China that reported there is a significant positive correlation between calcium serum level and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive people, also calcium serum levels in hypertensive patients tend to be low compared to normotensive people [27]. This is consistent with literature theory that explained how the mechanism of low calcium intake could regulate blood pressure by increasing intracellular calcium in vascular smooth cells resulting in vasoconstriction, also increase in vascular volume through Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Purwanto¹,

Mewo²,

Jim³

et al. 2019

SJCM

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Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Approximately 95% cases of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension that remains unknown for the etiology and tends to be multifactorial causes. Electrolyte imbalance is thought as one of the prominent underlying mechanisms of hypertension. Electrolyte imbalance can cause serious and life-threatening cardiovascular problems. This study aimed to find out the association between electrolytes levels (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and total calcium) and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This was a cross-sectional study that conducted on June-August 2019 at Noongan Regional General Hospital, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Demographic data such as age, sex, symptoms, salt diet, and consumption of antihypertensive drugs were collected, and then physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressures and body mass index (BMI) were performed. One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Rank tests were used for bivariate analysis. There is significant dirrect correlation between serum sodium levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic blood pressure. As for potassium, there is an inverse relationship between serum potassium levels with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. There is a direct correlation between serum chloride levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic pressure, but not significant. For total calcium, there is a direct correlation between serum total calcium levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. In this study, we found out only sodium has a significant correlation with blood pressure, while other electrolytes have a correlation but are not significant.

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“…Some studies have shown higher concentrations of calcium to be associated with increased risk of hypertension, 6,7 whereas some have reported a protective effect, 8,9 and others have reported null associations. 10,11 In addition, these studies have relied on total or albumin-corrected estimates of serum calcium, which only approximate the levels of biologically active serum calcium (iCa).…”

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confidence: 99%

Circulating active serum calcium reduces the risk of hypertension

Kunutsor

Laukkanen

2016

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Purpose Calcium, which is one the most abundant mineral elements in the body, has been suggested to be involved in blood pressure regulation. We aimed to assess the association of active serum calcium (which is the ionised and physiologically active form of serum calcium) with the future risk of hypertension. Methods The active serum calcium concentration was assessed at baseline in the Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease population-based prospective cohort study of 1562 normotensive men aged 42–61 years at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for incident hypertension. Results During a median follow-up of 24.9 years, 247 men developed new-onset hypertension. Active serum calcium was inversely associated with incident hypertension in an approximately linear fashion. In age-adjusted analysis, the hazard ratio for hypertension per 1 standard deviation increase in active serum calcium was 0.86 (95% CI 0.76–0.98), which remained consistent after adjustment for several established risk factors and potential confounders 0.82 (0.71–0.94). In a comparison of extreme quintiles of active serum calcium levels, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratios were 0.59 (95% CI 0.39–0.90) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.82), respectively. Conclusion Active serum calcium is protective of future hypertension in a middle-aged male Caucasian population. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and help unravel the mechanistic pathways of calcium in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

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The Relationship Between Serum Calcium Level, Blood Lipids, and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects who Come from a Normal University in East of China

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Association of serum calcium and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Association of serum calcium and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes

The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Circulating active serum calcium reduces the risk of hypertension

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