The relationship between the cholinergic mechanism of toxicity and oxidative stress in rats during subacute diazinon poisoning

Ivanovic, Sasa; Borozan, Nevena; Cupic-Miladinovic, Dejana; Živković, Irena; Borozan, Sunčica

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2023.116598

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by diazinon exposure react with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, leading to the formation of lipid peroxides. Lipid peroxidation can disrupt the fluidity and permeability of the cell membrane, affecting its structural integrity and function [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of oxidative stress and cellular damage resulting from diazinon exposure depends on factors like the dose, duration, route of exposure, and individual variations in antioxidant capacity. Minimizing exposure, consuming an antioxidant-rich diet, and enhancing the environmental and physiological conditions of fish are essential steps to mitigate the effects of diazinon and other environmental toxins [ 12 , 13 ]. These strategies can help promote a balance between ROS and antioxidants and protect against oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Silymarin Extract as a Potent Antioxidant Supplement in Diazinon-Exposed Rainbow Trout: Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameter Analysis

Banaee,

Impellitteri,

Multisanti

et al. 2023

Toxics

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of diazinon on fish, focusing on hepatotoxic biomarkers and the potential protective effects of silymarin supplementation. One hundred eighty rainbow trout were randomly assigned to four groups: control, diazinon exposed (0.1 mg L−1), silymarin supplemented (400 mg kg−1), and diazinon + silymarin. Blood samples and liver tissue were collected after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure to analyze biochemical parameters and oxidative biomarkers. Diazinon exposure in fish resulted in liver damage, as indicated by increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the hepatocytes. Silymarin showed the potential to mitigate this damage by reducing oxidative stress and restoring enzyme activities. Nevertheless, diazinon increased creatine phosphokinase activity, which may not be normalized by silymarin. Exposure to diazinon increased glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, whereas total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were significantly decreased in fish. However, silymarin controlled and maintained these levels within the normal range. Diazinon increased creatinine, urea, uric acid, and ammonia contents. Silymarin could regulate creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels while having limited effectiveness on ammonia excretion. Furthermore, diazinon increased malondialdehyde in hepatocytes, whereas administration of silymarin could restore normal malondialdehyde levels. Overall, silymarin showed potential as a therapeutic treatment for mitigating oxidative damage induced by diazinon in fish, but its effectiveness on creatine phosphokinase, glutathione reductase, and ammonia may be limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Silymarin Extract as a Potent Antioxidant Supplement in Diazinon-Exposed Rainbow Trout: Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameter Analysis

Banaee,

Impellitteri,

Multisanti

et al. 2023

Toxics

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show abstract

“…Oxidative damage is caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which interact with biological molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, leading to the impairment of membranes and other tissues. The TBARS assay has been employed as a suitable method for detecting oxidative damage (32). GSH is an essential antioxidant that assists detoxication by conjugating with NAPQI and preventing free radical damage (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Epicatechin on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Dehbashi,

Zeidooni,

Mansouri

et al. 2023

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Nowadays, the use of over-the-counter drugs such as acetaminophen (APAP) may cause severe liver injury, which can occur not only in high doses but also in therapeutic doses due to nutritional deficiency, alcoholism, or using cytochrome p450 inducers. Objectives: In this study, the protective effect of epicatechin (EPC) was evaluated against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity to find an effective and inexpensive therapy. Methods: The animals were divided into preventive and therapeutic groups. In the preventive study, the animals received EPC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) for five days, and the last dose was administered 1 hour before APAP (400 mg/kg). In the therapeutic groups, the animals received EPC just before and 2 hours after the APAP injection. All the animals were killed, and blood and liver samples were taken for further analysis. The liver pathology, enzymes, and oxidant, antioxidant, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory factors were evaluated. Results: EPC significantly decreased the serum activity level of the liver biomarkers ALT and AST in the APAP-treated mice. Furthermore, the hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were noticeably lowered, and the levels of total thiol and catalase activity increased significantly with EPC. Histopathological results were strongly consistent with those of the biochemical estimations. The most effective dose was observed at EPC 100 mg/kg, and the therapeutic groups showed better results than the preventive groups. Conclusions: EPC attenuated the liver toxicity in the mice by suppressing oxidative stress and can be considered a preventive and therapeutic agent for inhibiting and resolving the liver damage induced by APAP.

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Risk of Pesticides Mixtures in Rice to Birds and Humans in Iran

Moghiseh,

Jaafarzadeh,

Jorfi

et al. 2023

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The relationship between the cholinergic mechanism of toxicity and oxidative stress in rats during subacute diazinon poisoning

Cited by 5 publications

References 84 publications

Evaluating Silymarin Extract as a Potent Antioxidant Supplement in Diazinon-Exposed Rainbow Trout: Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameter Analysis

Evaluating Silymarin Extract as a Potent Antioxidant Supplement in Diazinon-Exposed Rainbow Trout: Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameter Analysis

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Epicatechin on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Risk of Pesticides Mixtures in Rice to Birds and Humans in Iran

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