The Relationship of 2D:4D Ratio and Hand Grip Strength to the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Regarding the muscular weakness in patients with Multiple and the importance of the 2nd digit to 4th digit (2D:4D) ratio as a representative of the androgen level in women, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between level of physical activity, handgrip strength and 2D:4D ratio with the incidence of multiple sclerosis. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 female patients with average age of 35.01 years, BMI 24.04 kg/m 2 and disability development scale of Kurtzke (EDSS) equal to 8.5-0 among the patients of Shariati, Imam Hossein and Rasul Akram hospitals in Tehran in time intervals of December 2015 to June 2016. Hand grip strength variables were measured using the dynamometer, the 2D:4D ratio was measured with a digital calliper and the participants' physical activity were measured using the Beck physical activity questionnaire and EDSS of patients was determined by a Neurologist. The study data was analysed using statistical methods of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis. There was a signifi cant relationship between the physical activity level and EDSS (P<0.01) and the handgrip strength with the EDSS level (P<0.05) in MS patients. However, there was no signifi cant relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and EDSS level. Based on these results, it seems that, the increase of physical activity level and the hand grip strength is associated with a reduced level of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it is recommended to prescribe an exercise program which is in accordance with MS patients' condition.

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Research and Writing Development in the Area of Sport Science Publishing in Montenegro

“…Th is fact is in favor of the argument that the quality of the accepted works is raised year aft er year, and therefore the citation of the journal is increasing, which is one of the main factors that infl uence the assignment of the impact factor. Finally, when the "Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education" is concerned, it is still premature to make certain projections for entering the most prestigious databases; however, the fact that the journal in the fi rst year of its existence managed to be indexed in databases such as "DOAJ" and "Index Copernicus", as well as a number of other databases, says that the future lies ahead of this journal, especially because interest in publishing in this journal has been shown by a signifi cant number of authors worldwide (Arazi, Olia, Nafi ssi, Moghadam, & Falahati, 2018;Gardasevic, Bjelica, Vasiljevic, Sermaxhaj, & Arifi , 2018;Herdy, Costa, Simão, & Selfe, 2018 ;Monson, Brasil, & Hlusko, 2018;Vukasevic, Vukotic, & Masanovic, 2018). Regarding the limitations in this study, it is important to emphasize that it was not possible to analyze all the desired entities in the certain databases, because it was only available in the "Google Scholar" database.…”