The relationship of azo dyes to the coagulation of blood

Abstract

THE present work originated with the discovery by Rous, Gilding and Smith [1930] This paper deals only with the relative efficiency of azo dyes as anticoagulants and the relation between activity and chemical structure. One object in view was to find a dye which is anti-coagulant under all experimental conditions, inexpensive and does not render arterial and venous blood the same uniform "ink" colour as occurs with chlorazol sky blue FF.Many synthetic water-soluble direct dyes have pharmacological importance and are used in medicine. Such are trypan red [Ehrlich and Shiga, 1904] and trypan blue and afridol violet [Nicolle and Mesnil, 1906]. Subsequently germanin (Bayer 205) appeared. It is, however, not an azo compound. Stiiber and Lang [1930] showed that it has anti-coagulant action. In 1920 Harris suggested congo red as suitable for blood-volume determinations by the dye method. All these compounds like chlorazol sky blue FF have anti-coagulant properties.

A plethysmographic method for measuring systolic blood pressure in the intact rat

“…In a series of 22 rats direct determination of systolic blood pressure was made by inserting into the carotid artery a No. 12 gauge needle connected with a mercury manometer [Ro us & Drury, 1929], coagulation being prevented by preliminary intravenous injection of chlorazol fast pink [Huggett & Rowe, 1933]. Repeated readings of systolic pressure in the tail were then taken and compared with the carotid pressure.…”

The chemical transmitter at synapses in a sympathetic ganglion

“…"Chlorazol fast pink" [Huggett and Rowe, 1933] leeches, which were used in some of the tests, were kept in this diluted fluid until the active solutions were actually applied to them, and the perfusion fluid was diluted with water in the ratio 1 : 1-4 for testing. Except in one or two special experiments the perfusion fluid also contained eserine in a concentration of 1/500,000.…”

Food, drug, and cosmetic dyes: biological effects related to lipid solubility.

“…One would anticipate, therefore, that the agents used to color foods, drugs, and cosmetics would also alter these processes to an extent dependent upon their respective lipid solubilities. In fact there is evidence that some structurally related anionic dyes, such as sulfonephthalein derivatives, uncouple rat liver mitochondria (27) or otherwise alter the properties of rat mitochondrial membranes (28) roughly in relation to their lipid solubility, and that a variety of other anionic dyes have anticoagulant properties (29). Other organic anions have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (30) in a manner highly correlated with their partition coefficient (16,17).…”