The relationship of body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference with anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia: Analysis of 2018 Basic Health Research data

Abstract

Background and objectives Anemia remains a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the relationship between anemia and the nutritional status of non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia. Methods and study design The data were derived from the 2018 Basic Health Research Data of Indonesia. We used information from 11,471 non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years. The dependent variable was anemia (hemoglobin level <12 g/dL). The independent variable was women’s nutritional status, a combined indicator of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Our analysis controlled for women’s age, education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the presence of communicable or non-communicable diseases. We performed logistic regression analyses. Results The prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4–23.3). Women with overweight and obesity were less likely to develop anemia than those with a normal BMI, regardless of their MUAC score. The highest odds for developing anemia were observed in underweight women with low MUAC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83, 95%CI: 2.19–3.68). Higher odds ratios were also observed in women with insufficient physical activity, despite their sufficient consumption of fruits or vegetables (aOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.28). However, women who had been diagnosed with a non-communicable disease had a reduced likelihood of developing anemia (aOR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.67–0.83). Conclusions Strengthening health promotion activities to improve nutritional status and healthy behaviors, particularly a healthy diet, remains important for women in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve their overall health status.

Factors Related Of Anemia In Adolescence Girl

“…Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between Middle-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls at SMAS PGRI 2 Banjarmasin. In line with the results of a study conducted (Nainggolan et al, 2022) it was found that the highest percentage of anemia was found in women who were underweight and low LILA. The results of another study from Ethiopia also reported that LILA > 23 cm reduced the incidence of anemia by 0.41 (Ghosh Id et al, 2019).…”

Is the burden of anaemia among Indian adolescent women increasing? Evidence from Indian Demographic and Health Surveys (2015–21)

“…A study by Nguyen et al, published in the Journal of Nutrition in 2012, found that women with a BMI of less than 18.5 were more likely to be anaemic than those with a BMI greater than 25 [ 65 ]. Additionally, another study found that underweight women had a significantly higher risk of anaemia compared to normal-weight women [ 34 ]. However, it is important to note that BMI alone may not be a perfect indicator of nutritional status and overall health, and there may be other factors contributing to the relationship between BMI and anaemia.…”

National nutrition surveillance programmes in south-east Asian countries and China: a systematic scoping review

“… 27 , 31 , 32 , 37 – 40 , 53 – 56 , 72 , 107 , 108 , 127 – 138 For most programmes, we derived methodological information from 89 programme reports or factsheets, 20 – 26 , 28 – 30 , 33 – 36 , 43 , 50 – 52 , 57 – 62 , 65 – 69 , 73 – 78 , 80 – 95 , 99 – 106 , 109 – 119 , 139 – 157 12 programme and/or governmental websites 41 – 48 , 63 , 70 , 157 – 159 and eight publications through our manual search of references. 49 , 64 , 71 , 96 , 120 , 123 , 160 , 161 We also received information about 11 programmes and five related publications 79 , 97 , 98 , 121 , 162 directly from national health and nutrition officials ( Fig. 1 ).…”