The Relationship of Exchange-Orientation To Friendship Intensity, Roommate Compatibility, Anxiety, and Friendship

Abstract

The Exchange-Orientation Scale (E) was given to 98 randomly assigned roommate pairs at three New England colleges at the beginning of the semester. It was predicted that interpersonal compatibility, as measured by a roommate compatibility rating and a friendship intensity score given three months later, would be higher for nonexchange couples as compared to exchange couples. It wasfurtherpredicted that anxiety would be correlated with E for women but not for men, and that paranoia would be associated with Efor both women and men. All hypotheses were substantiated except the one regarding paranoia. The results are discussed in terms of the role of E in interpersonal relationships.

Loneliness, exchange orientation, and reciprocity in friendships

“…This would be in line with the notion that such an orientation denies the importance of needs in relationships (Murstein et al, 1977), and that by focusing too much upon getting enough in return for what one provides, one may end up with fewer rewards than by disposing a more generous attitude. It might be that, as Murstein and his colleagues have suggested, an exchange orientation can be beneficial for the development of relationships between roommates and between friends in the acquaintance stage (Murstein & Azar, 1986;Murstein et al, 1977), but our study found no evidence for a positive function of exchange orientation in relationships with close friends.…”

Who Takes the most Revenge? Individual Differences in Negative Reciprocity Norm Endorsement

“…Existing scales that assess general beliefs about interpersonal relationships contain few items directly related to positive reciprocity. Three such items, obtained from the Exchange Orientation Scale (Murstein & Azar, 1986), were used in the present study together with eight that we designed specifically for this purpose. The positive reciprocity items are numbered 15 to 24 in Figure 1, of which Items 18, 20, and 22 were taken from the Exchange Orientation Scale.…”

Co łączy przyjaciół: różnice czy podobieństwa? Badanie reprezentacji własnego Ja i Ja przyjaciela wśród ukraińskich kobiet i mężczyzn

“…Ważnym dla pojawienia się przyjaźni czynnikiem zewnętrznym jest także atrakcyjność fizyczna (Klimenko, 2010;Newcomb, 1956;Serdiuk, 2015;Vasilevs'kij, 2010). Badania nad nią wykazały istnienie zasady odpowiedniości i dowiodły, że mamy tendencję do wyboru przyjaciół spośród osób o podobnym do naszego poziomie atrakcyjności -zasadę tę obserwuje się także dla poziomu inteligencji (Feingold, 1988;Morry, 2007;Murstein, Azar, 1986). Osiągnięcie wysokiego poziomu odpowiedniości fizycznej stanowi zaś podstawę do bardziej harmonijnych oraz silnych relacji (White, 1980).…”