The relationship of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to cognitive processing in adolescents: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Pindus, Dominika M.; Davis, Robert D.; Hillman, Charles H.; Bandelow, Stephan; Hogervorst, Eef; Biddle, Stuart J. H.; Sherar, Lauren B.

doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0612-2

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…One study which did control for both factors was also limited in its conclusions due to the constraints of the cognitive task. 7 Our study contributes to these previous findings by showing that adjustment for aerobic fitness did not modulate null findings in relation to the associations between MVPA and either cognitive control or academic achievement. Emergent evidence from the RCTs suggests a positive effect of physical activity interventions on academic achievement in school-aged children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Previous studies reported positive associations with some cognitive 10, 11 and academic 3, 5, 12 measures and null associations with others 7, 8, 10, 11, 58 . The discrepancy in results may be related to the heterogeneity of cognitive measures, and tested covariates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…That is, either null 7–9 or select positive associations have been observed. 10–12 However, their conclusions remain limited, as these studies did not statistically control for aerobic fitness and/or intelligence quotient (IQ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Indices of Cognitive Control, and Academic Achievement in Preadolescents

Pindus

Drollette

Scudder

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To assess whether preadolescents’ objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with cognitive control and academic achievement, independent of aerobic fitness. Study design A sample of 74 children (Mage = 8.64 years, SD = .58, 46 % girls) were included in the analyses. Daily MVPA (min/day) was measured over 7 days using ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometer. Aerobic fitness was measured using a maximal graded exercise test and expressed as maximal oxygen uptake (mL*kg−1*min−1). Inhibitory control was measured with a modified Eriksen flanker task (reaction time and accuracy), and working memory with an Operation Span Task (accuracy scores). Academic achievement (in reading, mathematics and spelling) was expressed as standardized scores on the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement. The relationships were assessed using hierarchical regression models adjusting for aerobic fitness and other covariates. Results No significant associations were found between MVPA and inhibition, working memory, or academic achievement. Aerobic fitness was positively associated with inhibitory control (p = .02) and spelling (p = .04) but not with other cognitive or academic variables (all p > .05). Conclusions Aerobic fitness, rather than daily MVPA, is positively associated with childhood ability to manage perceptual interference and spelling. Further research into the associations between objectively measured MVPA and cognitive and academic outcomes in children while controlling for important covariates is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Indices of Cognitive Control, and Academic Achievement in Preadolescents

Pindus

Drollette

Scudder

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…The relationship between physical activity and executive function might vary by gender (Booth et al, 2013;Drollette et al, 2016;Pindus et al, 2015;Voss, Kramer, Basak, Prakash, & Roberts, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have also found that a higher level of aerobic fitness was related to better executive functions, whereas no such relationship was observed for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(Pindus et al, 2015;Pindus et al, 2016).F I G U R E 3 Relationship between tennis experience and switch cost. Further studies are needed using other tasks (e.g., the 1-back Task) to determine the relationship between sports activity and working memory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Relationship between sports experience and executive function in 6–12‐year‐old children: independence from physical fitness and moderation by gender

Ishihara

Sugasawa²,

Matsuda³

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sports experience (i.e., tennis experience) and executive function in children while controlling for physical activity and physical fitness. Sixty-eight participants (6-12 years old, 34 males and 34 females) were enrolled in regular tennis lessons (mean = 2.4 years, range = 0.1-7.3 years) prior to the study. Executive functions, including inhibitory control (the Stroop Color-Word Test), working memory (the 2-back Task), and cognitive flexibility (the Local-global Task) were evaluated. Participants' levels of daily physical activity, ranging from moderate to vigorous, were evaluated using triaxial accelerometers. The total score for physical fitness was assessed using the Tennis Field Test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed interaction effects between gender and tennis experience on participants' reaction time (RT) on the switch cost of the Local-global Task after controlling for age, BMI, gender, physical activity, physical fitness, and tennis experience. Longer tennis experience was associated with shorter switch cost in males but not in females. Higher scores on physical fitness were positively associated with lower interference scores on the Stroop Color-Word Test, RT on the 2-back Task, and RT in the switching condition of the Local-global Task, after controlling for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity. In conclusion, all three foundational components of executive function (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were more strongly related to physical fitness than to physical activity in males and females, whereas greater cognitive flexibility was related to tennis experience only in the males.

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Association of copy number variation across the genome with neuropsychiatric traits in the general population

Guyatt

Stergiakouli²,

Martin³

et al. 2018

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with psychiatric conditions in clinical populations. The relationship between rare CNV burden and neuropsychiatric traits in young, general populations is underexplored. A total of 6,807 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were studied. CNVs were inferred from single nucleotide polymorphism‐array data using PennCNV. After excluding children with known candidate CNVs for schizophrenia (SCZ), rare (<1%) CNV burden (total number of genes affected by CNVs, total length of CNVs, and largest CNV carried) was analyzed in relation to: psychotic experiences (PEs) and anxiety/depression in adolescence; autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ASD and ADHD traits, and cognitive measures during childhood. Outcomes were also assessed in relation to known SCZ CNVs. The number of genes affected by rare CNVs was associated with a continuous measure of ASD: the standardized mean difference [SMD] per gene affected was increased by 0.018 [95%CI 0.011,0.025], p = 3e‐07 for duplications and by 0.021 [95%CI 0.010, 0.032], p = 1e‐04 for deletions. In line with our published results on educational attainment in ALSPAC, intelligence quotient (IQ) was associated with CNV burden: the SMD per gene affected was −0.017 [95%CI −0.025, −0.008] p = 1e‐04 for duplications and −0.023 [95%CI −0.037, −0.009], p = .002 for deletions. Associations were also observed for measures of coherence, attention, memory, and social cognition. SCZ‐associated deletions were associated with IQ (SMD: −0.617 [95%CI −0.936, −0.298], p = 2e‐04), but not with PEs or other traits. We found that rare CNV burden and known SCZ candidate CNVs are associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes in a nonclinically ascertained sample of young people.

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The relationship of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to cognitive processing in adolescents: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Cited by 29 publications

References 62 publications

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Indices of Cognitive Control, and Academic Achievement in Preadolescents

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Indices of Cognitive Control, and Academic Achievement in Preadolescents

Relationship between sports experience and executive function in 6–12‐year‐old children: independence from physical fitness and moderation by gender

Association of copy number variation across the genome with neuropsychiatric traits in the general population

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