The relationship of the apical foramen to the anatomic apex of the tooth root

Burch, Jennie; Hulen, Steve

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(72)90418-5

Cited by 125 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…생리적 근단공 또는 치근단 협착부는 근관의 직경이 가장 좁은 부위이며 cementodentinal junction에 위치한다 25) . 이는 근관의 최종 형성 부위이며, 보통 해부학적 근단공은 치근 표면에 위치하는 반면, 생리적 근단공은 치근 표면으 로부터 0.5-1.0mm 떨어져 위치한다 25), 26) . 본 연구에서 해 부학적 근단공의 위치에 따라 생리적 근단공을 명명하였으 며, 이것은 근관의 명칭과 반드시 일치한다고 할 수 없다.…”

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Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Jeong

Park

et al. 2009

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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The aim of this study was to investigate the shapes and diameters of the physiological foramen and anatomy of the root canal at 3mm from apex in mandibular first molars.Sixty mandibular first molars were randomly selected. The apical anatomy of 60 mandibular first molars was investigated by means of a stereomicroscope (60x magnification).The results were as follows; 1. There was a high percentage of two physiological foramina in mesial (61.67%) and one foramen in distal(71.66%) roots of mandibular first molars.2.There was a high frequency of accessory foramina in mesial roots with one foramen (26.07%).3. The diameters of physiological foramen was as follows:•0.329mm in single mesial foramen •0.266mm in mesiobuccal foramen and 0.246mm in mesiolingual foramen •0.375mm in single distal foramen •0.291mm in distobuccal foramen and 0.237mm in distolingual foramen 4. The most common physiological foramen shape was oval (69.93%). 5. The incidence of isthmus in mesial root at 3mm from apex was 55%. The 3mm-sections contained a complete isthmus 31.66% and a partial isthmus 23.34%.6. 3mm from the apex, the most common canal shape was oval (50.64%). Knowledge of the apical anatomy of mandibular first molar would be necessary for success of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic treatment. [J Kor Acad Cons Dent 34(2):136-143, 2009]

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Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Jeong

Park

et al. 2009

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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“…Lengths will vary according to many factors; however, ideals are not always attainable. Apex location varies; these variations can be approximated but not usually determined using only a diagnostic radiograph [18,19] . However, this determination is an estimate, using average measurements of distances from the apical foramen to the true apex and from the apical constriction (or within the canal) to the apical foramen [20] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Radio-Opaque Radio-Lucent Graduated Root Canal Length Indicating Cones (GRCLIC) in Endodontics

Bonjar¹

2007

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Radio Opaque-Radiolucent Graduated Root-Canal Length Indicating Cone (GRCLIC) is a new innovative device being introduced for the first time in endodontics literature. GRCLIC can present more accurate measurement of the root canal length in conventional radiographs in endodontic and root canal treatment. Like many other dental and medical specialties, endodontics has evolved and changed over the years. The changes that have occurred in the past 10 years, however, have been of great magnitude and profundity. The microscope, ultrasonic units with specially configured tips, superbly accurate microchip computerized apex locators, flexible nickel-titanium files in rotary engines, and greater emphasis on microscopic endodontic surgery have totally changed the way endodontics and endodontic surgery are practiced. Every part of endodontic treatment is controlled by a measurement of the instrument's penetration depth into the canal, while the length is typically determined in millimeters. In this research, GRCLIC was used to enhance the more accurate root canal length determination. GRCLIC was made simply using a thin plastic or optic fiber graduated millimeter-wise with a heavy metal salt. The idea behind the GRCLIC technique was to present a new methodology which is actually a pre-exposure insertion of a simple graduated flexible ruler into the tooth canal instead of classic measurement methods. The main proved advantage of GRCLIC is decreasing mal-measurements which usually lead to treatment failures. GRCLIC enhances the success of endodontics treatment practices.

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“…However, locating the appropriate apical position has always been a challenge in clinical endodontics. The literature recommends two valid positions for working length; at the dentinocemental junction, as suggested by Kuttler, 8 or at the apical foramen. 9 The dentinocemental junction is the ideal physiologic apical limit of working length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination

Mandlik¹,

Shah²,

Pawar³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Objective: The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the ability of digital tactile, digital radiographic and electronic methods to determine reliability in locating the apical constriction. Materials and methods:Informed consent was obtained from patients scheduled for orthodontic extraction. The teeth were anesthetized, isolated and accessed. The canals were negotiated, pulp chamber and canals were irrigated and pulp was extirpated. The working length was then evaluated for each canal by digital tactile sensation, an electronic apex locator (The Root ZX) and digital radiography. The readings were then compared with post-extraction working length measurements. Results:The percentage accuracy indicated that EAL method (Root ZX) shows maximum accuracy, i.e. 99.85% and digital tactile and digital radiographic method (DDR) showed 98.20 and 97.90% accuracy respectively.Clinical significance: Hence, it can be concluded that the EAL method (Root ZX) produced most reliable results for determining the accurate working length.

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The relationship of the apical foramen to the anatomic apex of the tooth root

Cited by 125 publications

References 5 publications

Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Morphology of the apical root canal system in Korean mandibular first molar

Introducing Radio-Opaque Radio-Lucent Graduated Root Canal Length Indicating Cones (GRCLIC) in Endodontics

An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination

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