The relationships between washing parameters, fabric movement, and wrinkling in a top-loading washer

Abstract

Abstract:Easy care for clothing is increasingly important, but the major problem is still the severe wrinkles formed on garments after machine washing. In this research, orthogonal tests and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level were used to determine the critical parameters that affect fabric smoothness. We developed a video capturing and processing system for dynamic measurements of fabric in a top-loading washer to find the relationship between fabric movement and wrinkling performance during laundering. The ANOVA results showed that the smoothness of woven cotton fabrics was mainly affected by the washing load and the drum rotating speed, with a p value 0.000 and 0.036 respectively. Additionally, relation models for fabric movements suggested by a curvilinear regression analysis indicated that the main causes of fabric wrinkling during toploading washing were liquor ratio and the centrifugal force imposed on the fabric. The smoothness grade increased with the decrease of washing load and drum rotating speed since these settings led to lower liquor ratio with a constant water volume and less stress on the fabric. The results of this study provide valuable information for the optimization of washing programs for fabric smoothness.http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/textile-research The relationships between washing parameters, fabric movement and wrinkling in a top-loading washer Abstract：Easy care for clothing is increasingly important, but the major problem is still the severe wrinkles formed on garments after machine washing.In this research, orthogonal tests and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level were used to determine the critical parameters that affect fabric smoothness. We developed a video capturing and processing system for dynamic measurements of fabric in a top-loading washer to find the relationship between fabric movement and wrinkling performance during laundering. The ANOVA results showed that the smoothness of woven cotton fabrics was mainly affected by the washing load and the drum rotating speed, with a p value 0.000 and 0.036 respectively. Additionally, relation models for fabric movements suggested by a curvilinear regression analysis indicated that the main causes of fabric wrinkling during top-loading washing were liquor ratio and the centrifugal force imposed on the fabric. The smoothness grade increased with the decrease of washing load and drum rotating speed since these settings led to lower liquor ratio with a constant water volume and less stress on the fabric. The results of this study provide valuable information for the optimization of washing programs for fabric smoothness.

Influence of load mass and drum speed on fabric motion and performance of a heat pump tumble dryer

“…Experimental studies of fabric movement in a rotating drum are reported in some cases of washing machine research [23][24][25][26][27], but rarely in case of tumble dryer research. Recently Wei et al [28] conducted measurements with different fabric types and sizes, drying loads and drum speeds to determine fabric movement patterns and their effect on the performance of a vented tumble dryer.…”

Evaluation of Insecticides in Protective Clothing

“…An important factor in the loss of repellency of the protective materials against pesticides is the water temperature and the movements during washing used in garments. These facts affect the efficiency of cleaning agents and affect the protection of cotton fabrics as well [51].…”

The mechanism of wrinkling of cotton fabric in a front-loading washer: The effect of mechanical action

“…[38][39][40] A lumped transient model with a semi-empirical character is generated to study the mechanism of detergent transportation between the inner drum and through the textiles in a top-loading washer 28 .Only Liu studied how fabric movement influences fabric wrinkle during top-loading washing. 41 Little work has been carried out on how mechanical action influence fabric wrinkling during front loading washing.…”