The relative effectiveness of patents and secrecy for appropriation

Arundel, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(00)00100-1

Cited by 658 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These results are mostly consistent with Xu's empirical analysis conclusion in terms of the patenting behavior of enterprises in Zhejiang Province in China [8]. In addition to firm size, Arundel indicated that there are three factors that influence the patenting behavior of employees, namely innovation strategies, information sources of innovation and industrial characteristics [9]. Based on empirical analysis, Peeters and Potterie found that innovative obstacles have a negative impact on the implementation of employees' patenting behavior [10].…”

Section: Influencing Factors Of Enterprises Implementing Patenting Acsupporting

confidence: 82%

An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of the Patenting Behavior in Enterprises

Tan¹,

WenJie²,

Li³

2016

JSSM

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In recent years, the enterprises, as the main innovation subject in China, have made high achievements in the field of patent. The influencing factors of the patenting behavior in enterprises have caused the wide attention of many scholars at home and abroad. Based on the institutional theory, this paper focuses on the influencing factors of the patenting behavior in enterprises by the empirical research. The research results indicate that the internal factors are the main factors affecting the patenting behavior while the external factors are the secondary factors; and that the internal and external factors of the enterprises affect the patenting behavior through intermediary, namely the different motivations of employees. At last, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the patenting behavior in enterprises.

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Section: Influencing Factors Of Enterprises Implementing Patenting Acsupporting

confidence: 82%

An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of the Patenting Behavior in Enterprises

Tan¹,

WenJie²,

Li³

2016

JSSM

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“…Individual patents are perceived as relatively ineffective in most industries and in particular in complex technologies (Arundel, 2001;Cohen et al, 2000;Levin et al, 1987;Mansfield, 1986;Sattler, 2003), for one reason because they can often be invented around (Cohen et al, 2000). As a remedy, firms build "patent fences" (Guellec and van Pottelsberghe, 2007, p. 87;Reitzig, 2004b) by patenting not only the initial invention but also variations such as different geometric shapes (Granstrand, 1999, p. 220).…”

Section: Changes In the Effectiveness Of Patentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offensive Patent Portfolio Races

Jell¹,

Henkel²,

Wallin³

2017

Long Range Planning

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In a patent portfolio race, firms attempt to assemble a large collection of patents. Traditional explanations for patent portfolio races rest on an assumption of fragmented patent ownership where multiple unknown firms employ defensive strategies to forestall holdup. However, patent portfolio races can be observed when patent ownership is concentrated to the hands of a few firms. To explore patent portfolio races under conditions of concentrated ownership we turn to the newspaper printing machine industry, an industry characterized by a few dominant firms. Using multiple sources -patent analysis, archival data, and interviews -we identify antecedents to a phenomenon we label offensive patent portfolio races. Contrary to received wisdom, we find that patent portfolio races can be offensive, aimed at gaining rather than avoiding loss of competitive advantage. Offensive patent portfolio races hinge on the breakdown of cooperation -triggered by changes in the perceived benefits, effectiveness, and/or costs of patents, partly mediated by the adoption of a gain frame towards increased patenting, and regulated by the potential losses from further increases. We explain the behavior by invoking the folk theorem in game theory and conclude that while triggering offensive patent portfolio races may yield temporary advantages, managers are advised to tread carefully as offensive patent portfolio races may have severe implications for the effectiveness and efficiency of the innovation process.Keywords: Patent strategy, motives to patent, intellectual property, patent thickets Acknowledgments: The authors are especially grateful to Rosemarie Ziedonis, Arvids Ziedonis, Rebecca Eisenberg, Dietmar Harhoff, and members of the strategy department at Stephen M. Ross School of Business for providing valuable comments on our study. We are indebted to the Editor of Long Range Planning, Gianvito Lanzolla, and two anonymous referees for numerous suggestions that greatly improved the paper. We furthermore thank participants at various conferences for valuable comments.

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“…(Arundel, 2001) found that firms of all sizes find secrecy to be a more effective mean of appropriation than patents but small firms value secrecy more than large firms. The preference of small firms for secrecy is presumably due to their lack of financial resources needed to protect their patents from infringement.…”

Section: Small and Medium Size Firmsmentioning

confidence: 99%