The release behavior of CHX from polymer‐coated titanium surfaces

Abstract

Titanium has been successfully used in dental implants due to its favorable biological response. However, implant failures caused by infection often occurred with a complex microbial exposure. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is effective against a wide variety of bacteria as well as fungi. The aim of the present study is to investigate the release behavior of CHX from CHX-containing polylactide (PLA)-coated titanium. Commercially, pure titanium was anodized with surfaces exposed to an anodic-forming voltage of 250 V for 3 min. The anodized titanium surfaces were then coated with a PLA/CHX solution. Topographic evaluation was performed using a SEM, and the antibacterial effect was evaluated. The concentrations of CHX were measured using a UV spectrophotometer. In the surface morphology analysis, the uncoated titanium surface showed a porous structure, but the surfaces coated with a polymer displayed nonporous structures and wrinkled surfaces. In addition, there were no differences in the surface roughness between the uncoated and coated surface. On the basis of the comparative analysis of both the UV absorbance of CHX and the surface characteristics, we concluded that the PLA coating can effectively control the release of CHX on anodized titanium surfaces.

Antimicrobial dental implant functionalization strategies —A systematic review

“…Potential disadvantages of this approach include the risk of bacterial resistance. Other drawbacks are the burst release kinetics (see below) 25) . Moreover, it is unclear whether drug metabolites may influence osseointegration 160) .…”

“…Antibiotics are capable of reducing bacterial colonization with S. mutans 22,39) S. epidermidis 31) and S.aureus 38) , P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. aeruginosa 40) and E. coli 21,23,36) on titanium surfaces. Chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded titanium surfaces reduce colonization with streptococci and S. aureus in comparison to titanium control [24][25][26] . Furthermore, there have been in vitro studies on the antibacterial effect of dual drug-delivering systems, combining antibiotics with osteoconductive drugs; these have been found to reduce biofilm formation in comparison to titanium control 27) .…”

In vitro antibacterial activity of porous TiO2–Ag composite layers against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Current strategies to inhibit adhesion of bacteria on the implantable devices involve the use of coatings bearing surfactants, proteins, hydrophilic negatively charged polysaccharides (e.g., hyaluronan and heparin) and specific polymers, like polyethylene glycol [2][3][4][5]. The addition of antibacterial agents on the surface of implantable devices is achieved by using several coating techniques, i.e., ion implantation (Ag + , Cu 2+ , F + ) [6][7][8], electrodeposition [9], magnetron co-sputtering [10], anodic oxidation [11], plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) [12,13] and sol-gel coatings [14]. The primary advantage of these antibacterial coatings is the release of the bactericidal agent directly at the site of implantation, minimizing the risk of reaching concentrations that can cause harmful side reactions to the other parts of the body.…”

Surface Engineering for Bone Implants: A Trend from Passive to Active Surfaces

“…The coated antibiotic-HA-composite exhibited a reduced infection rate compared with CaP coatings in vivo [105]. In order to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance also non-antibiotic organic compounds with antimicrobial activity like chlorhexidine, chloroxylenol, and poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) [106][107][108][109][110][111][112] have been investigated as potential alternatives. These organic molecules are commonly used for their broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and lower risk of drug resistance.…”