The Release of Erythrocyte Membrane Antigens to the Plasma as Membrane Microvesicles during the Storage of Human Blood for Transfusion

Cole, Wendy F.; Rumsby, Martin G.; Longster, G. H.; Tovey, L. A. D.

doi:10.1042/bst0061375

Cited by 10 publications

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“…The microvesicles shed during storage contain lipids, band 3 protein, glycophorins, and actin, but lack spectrin and ankyrin 33 . Microvesicles shed during storage have blood group antigens A, B, H, and P 1 34‐36 and D, c, e, and Fy a 37 . The activities of M and N are slight, which may be due to insufficient antigen sites on the microvesicle 34,37 …”

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confidence: 99%

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The how and why of exocytic vesicles

Greenwalt¹

2005

Transfusion

183

155

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The purpose of this review is to draw the attention of general readers to the importance of cellular exocytic vesiculation as a normal mechanism of development and subsequent adjustment to changing conditions, focusing on red cell (RBC) vesiculation. Recent studies have emphasized the possible role of these microparticles as diagnostic and investigative tools. RBCs lose membrane, both in vivo and during ex vivo storage, by the blebbing of microvesicles from the tips of echinocytic spicules. Microvesicles shed by RBCs in vivo are rapidly removed by the reticuloendothelial system. During storage, this loss of membrane contributes to the storage lesion and the accumulation of the microvesicles are believed to be thrombogenic and thus to be clinically important.

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“…37 The activities of M and N are slight, which may be due to insufficient antigen sites on the microvesicle. 34,37…”

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The how and why of exocytic vesicles

Greenwalt¹

2005

Transfusion

183

155

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“…The presence of ABO and Rh blood group epitopes on vesicle membranes has been reported [20][21][22]. More recently the presence of M, N, S, s, Fya, and perhaps K blood group antigens on the vesicles has been demon strated [23].…”

Section: Acknowledgment Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation: 4. Plasma Vesicle Hemoglobin Exceeds Free Hemoglobin

Greenwalt¹,

McGuiness²,

Dumaswala³

1991

Vox Sanguinis

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Studies were designed to find out how much of the plasma hemoglobin (Hb) in whole blood was in microvesicles and how much was free Hb after 21 days of storage in citrate-phosphate-dextrose anticoagulant and to determine the effect of the plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The total plasma Hb in polyolefin (PO) containers without DEHP was much higher than in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the plasticizer (p = 0.004). Less than 30% of the Hb was in free solution in either type of container. The addition of 300 µg/ml of DEHP to the plasma in the PO containers resulted in marked reduction in the microvesiculation (p<0.01) but did not affect the level of free Hb. RBC hypotonic fragility and morphology scores were significantly improved. It is concluded that microvesiculation contributes more to plasma Hb concentration than free Hb during storage. Some hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) is expected during blood bank storage. It has been shown that part of the hemoglobin (Hb) in the suspending medium is free and part is encapsulated in microvescicles shed by the RBC [1], The amount of hemolysis and microvesiculation that occurs has been noted to be less when blood is stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers in which di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is used as the plasticizer [1]. The DEHP that leaches into the plasma has been shown to decrease hemolysis, microvesiculation, and the increase in osmotic fragility which RBC undergo during refrigerated storage [2-9]. The posttransfusion survival of RBC stored in DEHP-plasticized PVC has been found superior to RBC stored in PVC bags plasticized with tri-2-ethylhexyl-trimellitate (TEHTM) which is much less leachable. The protective effect of the DEHP is believed to be due to its insertion into the RBC membrane [6-9], The present studies were done to quantify how much of the ‘hemolysis’ that has been observed during the storage of RBC is dissolved Hb and how much is Hb encapsulated in microvesicles.

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“…Trace levels of blood group substances are present in human plasma, and these have been shown to account for the slight in hibitory effects observed with some fresh plasma [4],…”

Section: Inhibition Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this present study is to establish whether the observed increase in antigenic activity in the plasma is due to red cell antigens located on the membrane of the microvesicles produced during the shape change process [10] or whether it is due to antigens released from the red cell surface, free of membrane, by the action of enzymes, for example. Some preliminary as pects of the work have been discussed else where [4]. same control cells after the addition of physiologi cal saline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Inhibition of Specific Agglutination by Plasma Due to Microvesicles Released from Human Red Cells during Storage for Transfusion

Cole¹,

Rumsby²,

Longster³

et al. 1979

Vox Sanguinis

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The progressive appearance of erythrocyte antigenic activity in plasma from donations of human blood taken into acid citrate-dextrose (ACD) and stored at 4°C for transfusion has been studied. It has been shown by specific inhibition tests that A, B, H and P(1) activities are associated with membrane-bounded microvesicles which are released from the red cell membrane during the disc-echinocyte-spherocyte shape transformation. Although M group activity appears to be lost from the red cell membrane during storage, significant recovery on the microvesicles is not obtained even though these seem to contain the M and N group intrinsic protein, glycophorin.

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The Release of Erythrocyte Membrane Antigens to the Plasma as Membrane Microvesicles during the Storage of Human Blood for Transfusion

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The how and why of exocytic vesicles

The how and why of exocytic vesicles

Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation: 4. Plasma Vesicle Hemoglobin Exceeds Free Hemoglobin

Changes in the Inhibition of Specific Agglutination by Plasma Due to Microvesicles Released from Human Red Cells during Storage for Transfusion

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