The Relevance of Domains

Hubert, A.; Schäfer, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85054-0_6

Cited by 418 publications

(847 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…There is also an increase in their coercive field for this orientation of the order of 0.2 T (see insets) together with a slower approach of the magnetization to its saturation than at RT. These kind of loops are present in films with weak stripe domains [46,47]. This indicates that the magnetic anisotropy of these films has a weak, but non-negligible, perpendicular component.…”

Section: B Hysteresis Loopsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous NdxCo1−x thin films studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

et al. 2017

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The origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in amorphous Nd x Co 1−x thin films is investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy at the Co L 2,3 and Nd M 4,5 edges. The magnetic orbital and spin moments of the 3d cobalt and 4f neodymium electrons were measured as a function of the magnetic field orientation, neodymium concentration, and temperature. In all the studied samples, the magnetic anisotropy of the neodymium subnetwork is always oriented perpendicular to the plane, whereas the anisotropy of the orbital moment of cobalt is in the basal plane. The ratio L z /S z of the neodymium 4f orbitals changes with the sample orientation angle, being higher and closer to the atomic expected value at normal orientation and smaller at grazing angles. This result is well explained by assuming that the 4f orbital is distorted by the effect of an anisotropic crystal field when it is magnetized along its hard axis, clearly indicating that the 4f states are not rotationally invariant. The magnetic anisotropy energy associated to the neodymium subnetwork should be proportional to this distortion, which we demonstrate is accessible by applying the XMCD sum rules for the spin and intensity at the Nd M 4,5 edges. The analysis unveils a significant portion of neodymium atoms magnetically uncoupled to cobalt, i.e., paramagnetic, confirming the inhomogeneity of the films and the presence of a highly disordered neodymium rich phase already detected by extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The presence of these inhomogeneities is inherent to the evaporation preparation method when the chosen concentration in the alloy is far from its eutectic concentrations. An interesting consequence of the particular way in which cobalt and neodymium segregates in this system is the enhancement of the cobalt spin moment which reaches 1.95 μ B in the sample with the largest segregation.

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Section: B Hysteresis Loopsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous NdxCo1−x thin films studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

et al. 2017

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“…Fe, Co, Ni which correspond to the binding energies of inner core atomic levels, such as the 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 levels, resp.. Since the magnetic ground state of a ferromagnetic system in general splits up into a magnetic domain configuration [30], i.e. in order to minimize competing magnetic energies, such as anisotropy, exchange, dipolar and Zeeman energy it is more favorable to create neighboring areas where the magnetization points in opposite directions, the transmission of circularly polarized soft X-rays will differ locally which can be visualized by imaging the transmitted X-rays with sufficient spatial resolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring nanomagnetism with soft X-ray microscopy

et al. 2007

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Magnetic soft X-ray microscopy images magnetism in nanoscale systems with a spatial resolution down to 15nm provided by state-of-the-art Fresnel zone plate optics. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (X-MCD) is used as element-specific magnetic contrast mechanism similar to photoemission electon microscopy (PEEM), however, with volume sensitivity and the ability to record the images in varying applied magnetic fields which allows to study magnetization reversal processes at fundamental length scales. Utilizing a stroboscopic pump-probe scheme one can investigate fast spin dynamics with a time resolution down to 70 ps which gives access to precessional and relaxation phenomena as well as spin torque driven domain wall dynamics in nanoscale systems. Current developments in zone plate optics aim for a spatial resolution towards 10nm and at next generation X-ray sources a time resolution in the fsec regime can be envisioned.Keywords magnetic soft X-ray microscopy, X-ray optics, Fresnel zone plates, magnetic nanostructures, magnetization reversal, fast spin dynamics, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism 3

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“…All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 1 Laboratoire MISI, FST Settat, Univ. Hassan I, 26000, Settat, Morocco.…”

Section: Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On a model of magnetization dynamics with vertical spin stiffness

Ayouch

Essoufi

Tilioua³

2016

Bound Value Probl

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We consider a mathematical model describing magnetization dynamics with vertical spin stiffness. The model consists of a modified form of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for the evolution of the magnetization vector in a rigid ferromagnet. The modification lies in the presence in the effective field of a nonlinear term describing vertical spin stiffness. We prove the global existence of weak solutions to the model by using the Faedo-Galerkin method and discuss the limit of the obtained solutions as the vertical spin stiffness parameter tends to zero. MSC: 78A25; 35Q60; 35B40

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The Relevance of Domains

Cited by 418 publications

References 285 publications

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous NdxCo1−x thin films studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous NdxCo1−x thin films studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Exploring nanomagnetism with soft X-ray microscopy

On a model of magnetization dynamics with vertical spin stiffness

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