“…The prevalence of investment is the conclusion in several other studies. Hamdouch (2005) for the case of Morocco, Leon-Ledesma, and Piracha (2004) for the case of Eastern Europe, Woodruff and Zenteno (2007), Zarate-Hoyos (2004) for the case of Mexico found that remittances particularly influenced investments.…”
“…The prevalence of investment is the conclusion in several other studies. Hamdouch (2005) for the case of Morocco, Leon-Ledesma, and Piracha (2004) for the case of Eastern Europe, Woodruff and Zenteno (2007), Zarate-Hoyos (2004) for the case of Mexico found that remittances particularly influenced investments.…”
“…The use of remittances for investments or consumption purposes has been a main issue. Hamdouch (2005) for the case of Morocco, Leon-Ledesma and Piracha (2004) for the case of Eastern Europe, Woodruff and Zenteno (2007) and Zarate-Hoyos (2004) for the case of Mexico have found that remittances affected investments more than consumption. Airola (2007), Kok and Onan (2004), El-Sakka and McNabb (1999) insisted more on the consumption effect of remittances in the case of Mexico, Turkey and Egypt, respectively.…”
The article analyses Spain’s voluntary return policies, including the programme instituted specifically to assist migrants affected by the 2008/09 crisis. Voluntary return policies were implemented in Europe in the context of the 1973/4 crisis. Just like the Western European programmes of the 1970s and the 1980s, the current Spanish voluntary return policies also only elicited the cooperation of small numbers of migrants and countries of origin. The article recommends four broader policy measures to tackle the emerging trend whereby a considerable proportion of migrants will stay in Spain rather than repatriate.
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