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This paper focuses on the impact of international migration on the transfer of political and social norms. Exploiting recent and unique data on Morocco, this paper explores whether households with return and current migrants bear different political preferences and behaviours than non-migrant families. Once controlling for the double selection into emigration and return migration, the findings suggest that having a returnee in the household increases the demand for political and social change. This result is driven by returnees mostly from Western European countries, who were exposed to more democratic norms in the destination. However, we find a negative impact of having a current migrant on the willingness of the left-behind households to change. This result is driven by migrants to non-Western countries, where the quality of political and social institutions is lower. Our results are robust to also controlling for destination selectivity.

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In order to explore the future of Euro-Mediterranean migration and partnership, it is necessary to make an incursion into the past and the present. Two observations will serve as a point of departure: the importance of migration in Euro-Mediterranean relations; the failure of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) and the handling of the migration issue. Migration is an important component of relations between Europe and the South of the Mediterranean. More than ten million immigrants from the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean live in Europe. They transfer about 15 to 20 billion Euros annually to their countries of origin, far more than foreign direct investment and public development aid 2. And yet the EMP, itself in breakdown, neglects or even ignores this fact. The EMP has been out of action for a long time. Migrations around and across the Mediterranean are currently in crisis. The purpose of this Communication is to consider their future, on the basis of the dual failure of the EMP and the treatment of the migration issue. Thus, we will deal with the question in three parts: the first will focus on the failure of the EMP, the second will deal with the limits of handling the migration issue and migration policies, and the third will focus on the prospects for Euro-Mediterranean migration and partnership.