“…Besides, the research on cultural identity and languages mainly focuses on the issue of national identity ( Caldas and Caron-Caldas, 1999 ; Lai, 2011 ) and immigrant identity ( Petreñas et al, 2018 ). Other researchers have explored the connection between cultural identity and language in multilingual issues ( Hoffmann, 1995 ; Kung, 2016 ; Macias, 2023 ). For English acquisition, studies have primarily concentrated on language teaching ( Downes, 2001 ), language proficiency ( Peng and Patterson, 2022 ), and identity negotiations between one’s native language and English ( Gao, 2021 ).…”