The Replicative Fitness of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M, HIV-1 Group O, and HIV-2 Isolates

Ariën, Kevin K.; Abraha, Awet; Quiñones‐Mateu, Miguel E.; Kestens, Luc; Vanham, Guido; Arts, Eric J.

doi:10.1128/jvi.79.14.8979-8990.2005

Cited by 184 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Consistent with that study is one that found that HIV-1 group O and HIV-2, which occur at a low frequency worldwide relative to group M HIV-1 isolates, also have reduced replication fitness relative to group M isolates in a multiple-cycle whole-virus assay in PBMCs (6). However, another study demonstrated that subtype C, which is the most common subtype globally, actually has reduced replication fitness compared to subtype B in PBMCs (6,11).…”

Section: Transmission Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 65%

“…However, another study demonstrated that subtype C, which is the most common subtype globally, actually has reduced replication fitness compared to subtype B in PBMCs (6,11). This finding is not consistent with the hypothesis that reduced replication fitness in cell culture correlates with reduced transmission efficiency.…”

Section: Transmission Efficiencycontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…A whole-virus, multiple-cycle growth competition assay in primary human PBMCs in which the relative proportion of test and reference viruses is measured using an HTA has been used to study the effects of env on fitness and disease progression and to evaluate the relative fitnesses of different subtypes of HIV-1 (6,11,140,164). Because this growth competition assay utilizes an intact viral isolate and primary human PBMCs, it likely provides the closest approximation to HIV-1 replication fitness in patients compared to other currently available assays, but its labor-intensive nature limits its use for large-scale studies correlating fitness with clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Cell Culture Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Fitness

Dykes

Demeter

2007

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY The relative fitness of a variant, according to population genetics theory, is that variant's relative contribution to successive generations. Most drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants have reduced replication fitness, but at least some of these deficits can be compensated for by the accumulation of second-site mutations. HIV-1 replication fitness also appears to influence the likelihood of a drug-resistant mutant emerging during treatment failure and is postulated to influence clinical outcomes. A variety of assays are available to measure HIV-1 replication fitness in cell culture; however, there is no agreement regarding which assays best correlate with clinical outcomes. A major limitation is that there is no high-throughput assay that incorporates an internal reference strain as a control and utilizes intact virus isolates. Some retrospective studies have demonstrated statistically significant correlations between HIV-1 replication fitness and clinical outcomes in some patient populations. However, different studies disagree as to which clinical outcomes are most closely associated with fitness. This may be in part due to assay design, sample size limitations, and differences in patient populations. In addition, the strength of the correlations between fitness and clinical outcomes is modest, suggesting that, at present, it would be difficult to utilize these assays for clinical management.

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Section: Transmission Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Transmission Efficiencycontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Cell Culture Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Fitness

Dykes

Demeter

2007

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…In addition, a previous study reported that subtype D is associated with faster disease progression, rapid CD4 + T cell decline, and a higher rate of treatment failure compared to subtypes A, B, and C 18 . In vitro studies suggested that the replication of subtype C is less competent than that of subtype B 19 . In this study, the mutations related to resistance to ART did not affect clinical features, as most patients (n = 32; 94.7%) showed a good response to HIV treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil

Avanzi

Vicente

Beloto

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: HIV and viral hepatitis infections are major causes of chronic disease worldwide and have some similarities with regard to routes of transmission, epidemiology, front barriers faced during access of treatment, and strategies for a global public health response. The objective was to describe the HIV-1 subtypes, viral tropism and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin 28B (IL28B) from a case series of HIV/viral hepatitis coinfected patients from southern Brazil. Methods: Clinical and epidemiological data were evaluated by a review of medical records. Periodic blood draws were taken to determine the viral and host characteristics. Results: This study included 38 patients with HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV coinfection; the median age was 49 years. Thirty-seven (97.4%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 32 (84.2%) had an undetectable viral load, a median CD4 + T-cell count of 452 cells/mm 3 . HIV-1 subtyping showed 47.4 and 31.6% of patients with subtypes C and B, respectively. Analysis of viral co-receptor usage showed a predominance of the R5 variant (64.7%), with no significant difference between the subtypes. Twenty patients with HIV/HCV coinfection were eligible to receive HCV therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin, and 10/20 (50%) of them achieved sustained virological response. SNPs of IL28B were evaluated in 93.3% of patients with HIV/ HCV coinfection, and 17 (60.7%) presented the CC genotype. Conclusions: In the present case series, a higher frequency of HIV subtype C was found in coinfected patients. However such findings need to be prospectively evaluated with the inclusion of data from regional multicenter analyses.

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“…HIV-1 diversity has an impact on many aspects of HIV infection, including molecular diagnostics [31], cellular tropism [32,33], pathways to drug resistance [34], fitness [35], disease progression [36] and mother-to-child transmission [37]. Despite some limitations, subtype assignment derived from routine drug resistance testing is a fundamental tool for basic surveillance of the spread of HIV-1 clades, with the potential to improve understanding of the biological and clinical features of HIV infection and to enhance prevention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns in HIV‐1 non‐B clade prevalence and diversity in Italy over three decades^*

et al. 2010

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BackgroundHIV-1 non-B subtypes have recently entered Western Europe following immigration from other regions. The distribution of non-B clades and their association with demographic factors, over the entire course of the HIV-1 epidemic, have not been fully investigated in Italy. MethodsWe carried out a phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 pol sequences derived from 3670 patients followed at 50 Italian clinical centres over nearly three decades. ResultsOverall, 417 patients (11.4%) carried non-B subtypes. The prevalence of non-B strains increased from 2.6% in 1980 -1992 to 18.9% in 1993) in a subset of 2479 subjects with a known year of diagnosis. A multivariate analysis on a subset of 1364 patients for whom relevant demographic data were available indicated that African ethnicity, heterosexual route of infection and year of diagnosis were independently associated with non-B HIV-1 infection (P 0.0001). All pure subtypes, except for clade K, and seven circulating recombinant forms were detected, accounting for 56.6 and 34.1% of the non-B infections, respectively. The F1 subtype was the most prevalent non-B clade among Europeans and was acquired heterosexually in half of this patient population. Unique recombinant forms accounted for 9.4% of the non-B sequences and showed a B/F1 recombination pattern in one-third of cases. ConclusionsThe circulation of non-B clades has significantly increased in Italy in association with demographic changes. Spread of the F1 subtype and B/F recombinants appears to predominate, which may result in a redistribution of the relative proportions of the different strains, and this could lead to overlapping epidemics. Thus, the HIV-1 landscape in Italy may in future be distinct from that of the rest of Europe. IntroductionNine discrete lineages of group M HIV-1 (A-D, F-H, J and K) have differentiated during the global pandemic as a result of massive virus replication, the very high error rate of reverse transcriptase (RT) and the selective pressure exerted by the immune system. The highly recombinogenic activity of HIV-1 RT has added further complexity to the global diversity of HIV-1 as 43 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) have already been characterized and a number of unique recombinant forms (URFs) have been identified world-wide [1][2][3]. Most subtypes and CRFs were originally restricted to specific geographical regions or populations, but their distribution is constantly evolving [4]. In order to monitor the evolution of the global pandemic, it is convenient and effective to assign viral clades, which allow evaluation of the local epidemiological trends that result from social changes and migration flows. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The recent epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in Western European countries with large immigrant communities has been characterized by increasing genetic diversity and a marked rise in non-B subtype strains among newly diagnosed individuals [14][15][16][17]. It has been assumed that most non-B subtype infections in Western Europe are linked to migration ...

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The Replicative Fitness of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M, HIV-1 Group O, and HIV-2 Isolates

Cited by 184 publications

References 60 publications

Clinical Significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Fitness

Clinical Significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Fitness

Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil

Changing patterns in HIV‐1 non‐B clade prevalence and diversity in Italy over three decades^*

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The Replicative Fitness of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M, HIV-1 Group O, and HIV-2 Isolates

Cited by 184 publications

References 60 publications

Clinical Significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Fitness

Clinical Significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Fitness

Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil

Changing patterns in HIV‐1 non‐B clade prevalence and diversity in Italy over three decades*

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Product

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Changing patterns in HIV‐1 non‐B clade prevalence and diversity in Italy over three decades^*