The Requirement of Ovalbumin for the Growth of Group a Hemolytic Streptococcus in a Synthetic Medium

Slade, Hutton D.; Slamp, William C.

doi:10.1084/jem.102.3.291

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Later, Sprince and Woolley reported the requirement of a factor, subsequently termed strepogenin (22), for growth in a casein hydrolysate basal medium (28). Two partially defined media that were described by Slade and co-workers contained a nondialyzable polypeptide from pancreatic digest of casein (19) or heated ovalbumin (20) in an otherwise chemically defined medium (CDM). Ogburn et al (18), while studying the production of protease, were able to obtain a low yield of organisms from a chemically defined medium after sequential reduction of casein hydrolysate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium

Rijn¹,

Kessler²

1980

Infect Immun

441

145

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A new chemically defined medium for the growth of group A streptococci has been formulated. The advantages of this new medium over previously described defined media are: (i) rates of growth (i.e., doubling times) of 20 strains were comparable to the rates of growth in complex media; (ii) each strain grew to a higher culture density in the new defined medium than in complex media; (iii) transfer from complex media with small inocula was possible without any prior adaptation regimen; and (iv) the production of virulence factors (i.e., M protein and hyaluronic acid) and extracellular enzymes during growth in this new medium was comparable to that in complex media.

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confidence: 99%

Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium

Rijn¹,

Kessler²

1980

Infect Immun

441

145

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“…Such media that support the growth of various serotypes of group A streptococci have been formulated previously (Zampieri et al, 1960;Ginsburg & Grossowicz, 1957;Ogburn et al, 1958;Mickelson, 1964;Davies et al, 1968;Van de Rijn & Kessler, 1980). Thus peptides or proteins were not absolute requirements for growth as contended by Slade & Slamp (1955).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The chemical and environmental factors that influence the formation of streptolysin 0 and other streptococcal products have been so far poorly documented. Previous investigations have shown that, in spite of good bacterial growth, streptolysin 0 production could be greatly affected by the nature of protein hydrolysates, glucose concentration or reducing agents of culture media (Slade & Knox, 1950 ;Slade & Slamp, 1955 ;Boszormknyi et al, 1967 ;Fuvessy et al, 1967 ;Holm & Falsen, 1967 ;Holm & Moller, 1971 ;Ozegowski et al, 1981). It was not always clear whether the low levels of streptolysin 0 (or its absence sometimes) in certain media were due to the inhibition of its synthesis, or release or to: (i) toxin denaturation as this protein is relatively labile and hydrophobic (Alouf, 1980); (ii) inactivation by cholesterol present in complex media ingredients; (iii) degradation by streptococcal proteinase, the production of which is greatly stimulated by glucose, certain peptones, yeast extract and pH below 6.7 (Cohen, 1969;Ozegowski et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Streptolysin O Production In Complex and Synthetic Media

Dassy¹,

Alouf²

1983

Microbiology

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A comparative study of the growth of a highly haemolytic group A streptococcal strain in Trypticase-yeast extract medium and in a chemically defined medium was undertaken. Appreciable growth was obtained in the latter medium with the release of significant amounts (120 haemolytic units) of streptolysin O. This indicates that toxinogenic factors present only in the peptones of complex media are not essential for biosynthesis and release of this cytolytic toxin, as is the case for many bacterial toxins. NADase was also released in the synthetic medium. Bacterial cell mass, growth rate, and streptolysin O production were threefold higher in the complex medium. The effects of various carbohydrates on streptolysin O production in complex medium are investigated. No repression of toxin formation by glucose was observed. The relationship between growth and toxinogenesis in streptococci and in other toxinogenic bacteria is discussed.

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“…Not only can the substrate concentrations be controlled by regulating the rate at which fresh medium is fed to the culture, but deleterious metabolic end products are maintained at constant and relatively low levels. Although preformed peptides have been implicated in growth and protein production of the streptococci (8,20,26), the results with the continuous culture technique show that no peptides are necessary for either growth of streptococci or M protein production. The one possible Hematin Yes 6.0 X 10-4 a 9.3 X 10-3 Yes 6.0 X exception noted was subsequent to repeated freezing and thawing, when complex medium was required during the lag phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…loss of M protein (26). Fox and Krampitz (8) reported that nonproliferating streptococci required peptides for production of M protein.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of M Protein by Group A Hemolytic Streptococci in Completely Synthetic Media During Steady-State Growth

1968

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Strains of type 6 (S 43) and type 14 group A streptococci were grown with Mprotein production in the presence of chemically defined synthetic media slightly modified from that previously employed for the growth of a nonproducer of M protein (type 4). The M protein, which is associated with virulence in group A streptococcus, was previously produced in growing cultures only with complex media. The bacterial growth with the biosynthesis of M protein in synthetic medium was obtained by successive adaptation in steady-state culture with decreasing amounts of Todd-Hewitt broth. The synthesis continued for at least 480 generations at pH 7.3 and with a generation time of 84 min. Glucose was the limiting nutrilite and the concentration of reducing agents in the medium was critical. The M protein was identified by gel diffusion against type-specific antisera from the Communicable Disease Center and from R. Lancefield. The yield of M protein obtained from organisms grown in the continuous-culture device was comparable to that from standard broth stationary cultures. In a previous paper, Davies, Karush, and Rudd (5) investigated the amino acid utilization of a type 4-derived group A streptococcus growing under steady-state conditions in a continuousculture device with a completely synthetic medium. The type 4 streptococcus was a nonproducer of M protein. Since the M protein is the antigen which confers type specificity upon the group A streptococci and is associated with virulence, it was of interest to establish the growth conditions in a chemically defined medium which would allow its synthesis. There have been many attempts to grow group A streptococci that produce M protein in such a medium. The most recent one was reported by Mickelson and Slade (20) and Mickelson (19), who found that, after repeated subculturing in a proteinor peptidefree medium, the streptococci lacked M protein. The same strains, Richards (type 3), N19 (type 19), and S43 (type 6), when grown on a medium that contained reduced ovalbumin, showed no 1 This work was presented in part before the American Society of Biological Chemists at a meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Atlantic City, N.

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The Requirement of Ovalbumin for the Growth of Group a Hemolytic Streptococcus in a Synthetic Medium

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium

Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium

Growth Of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Streptolysin O Production In Complex and Synthetic Media

Synthesis of M Protein by Group A Hemolytic Streptococci in Completely Synthetic Media During Steady-State Growth

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