The research method of conceptual frameworks. The case of Pygmalion effect: A leadership style or self-fulfilling prophecy?

Abstract

Conceptual frameworks are conjectural/hypothetical research tools that are particularly important and widely used in the disciplined inquiry, including educational (technology) research. However, there is a lack of guidance on how to construct them. Hence, the objective of the current research was to provide a methodological perspective through a case study on how to develop such a framework for deductive research with a complex research subject. To this end, a five-step technique was constructed and implemented: text database, research panorama, authors’ network and thread, location, and definition. The case of Pygmalion effect was actual and significant as a recent meta-analysis found it to have an outstanding impact, among other leadership interventions, and relevant to educational research as it was first experimented in educational context. The conclusion found the five steps to be intertwined as they were built upon each other, carried the thread forward and opened it up deeper and closer to the research subject by each section. The errors and limitations involved uniqueness, availability, less is more, meaningfulness, approach, and space. Hence, the recommendations were defined as the regard for the complexity of the research subject and the approach to which the defined steps were delegated, the preliminary search on the most up-to-date academic papers on the subject, the only necessary number of collected sources and classes, the sense-making in implementing the steps, and the adaptation to longer essays, theses, or to prepare the foundation of research proposals.

Theoretical Corpus for an Empirical Subject: The Identification of Problems and Gaps in Pygmalion Effect Research = Elméleti korpuszt egy empirikus alanynak: Problémák és rések azonosítása a Pygmalion-hatás kutatásában

“…The two steps of creating text database and choosing and implementing literature review technique(s) are presented under one chapter. Since the entire text database of Pygmalion effect has been recently created, providing an explanation to its methodology (see Almadi, 2019), herein the empirical researches are focused on, and the text database is going to directly serve the purposes of the methodological review. The text database is the collection, categorisation and classification of sources on the research subject.…”

Pygmalion Ölçeği'nin (PÖ) Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

“…Alanyazında pygmalion etkisi ile ilgili eser ve çalışmalar üç alt dönem altında incelenmektedir (Almadi, 2019). İlk grup çalışmalara bakıldığında kavramın efsanelere (Ovid, M.S.…”

“…İlk grup çalışmalara bakıldığında kavramın efsanelere (Ovid, M.S. 8), deneye (Pfungst, 1911) ve tiyatroya (Shaw, 1912) konu olduktan sonra iş ortamında (Merton, 1948), okulda (Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968), akademide (Schrank, 1968), bankada (Livingston, 1969), sanayi ortamında (King, 1970(King, , 1971 ve askerî örgütlerde (Rosenthal vd., 1990) çalışıldığı görülmektedir (Almadi, 2019). Ayrıca "My Fair Lady" isimli müzikale de (1964), ilham olmuştur.…”

“…İlerleyen süreçte Eden (1996) "pygmalion tarzı liderlik" isimli bir liderlik tarzı da tarif etmiştir. Almadi (2019) bu dönemi, askeri alanlarda yürütülen yoğun deneylerden dolayı, deney çağı olarak isimlendirmektedir. Üçüncü alt dönem çalışmalarına bakıldığında ise bu dönem çalışmalarının Avolio'nun Bass (1988) ve Gibbsons (1988 ile yaptığı araştırmalara dayandığı söylenebilir.…”

“…(2012) liderliği, White ve Locke (2000 kar amacı taşıyan örgütleri, Karakowsky, vd. (2012) manipülasyonları ve Poornima ve Chakraborty (2010) ise pygmalion etkisi dinamiklerini konu edinmiştir (Almadi, 2019).…”