The Research Progress of Endogenous Formaldehyde in Aquatic Products

Zhang, Xuan; Hui, Y. H.; Cai, Youqiong; Huang, Dongmei

doi:10.4236/wjet.2015.33c040

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are quantitative methods for formaldehyde determination. The spectrophotometric method using Nash's reagent and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) based extraction is considered a reliable, convenient, fast and safe procedure for quantitative estimation of formaldehyde in fish (Benjakul et al 2006;Zhang et al 2015). Jaman et al (2015) conducted quantitative tests of formaldehyde presence in Indian major carp rui, tilapia, Thai climbing perch, Ganges river sprat, bombay duck and ribbon fish in Mymensingh using spectrophotometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish and fishery products can contain high levels of formaldehyde from artificially added and endogenous sources where the foremost source is endogenous (Zhang et al 2015). Formaldehyde can be produced naturally in fish by the degradation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in presence of enzyme trimethylamine oxide demethylase (TMAOase), which catalyzes the conversion of TMAO into dimethylamine and methanal (also known as formalin) (Bianchi et al 2007;Stanley and Hultin, 1984;Yeh et al 2013;Zhang et al 2015). The naturally high levels of formaldehyde in fish complicate the accurate detection of illegally added formaldehyde (Wahed et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of artificially contaminated fish with formaldehyde under laboratory conditions and exposure assessment in freshwater fish in Southern Bangladesh

et al. 2018

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Formalin can be added as preservative to fresh foods to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life. Formalin contains 37-40% formaldehyde, which is classified as carcinogenic to humans. To assess the public health risk associated with formaldehyde exposure in freshwater fish in Southern Bangladesh, formaldehyde concentrations (mg/kg) were determined in tilapia, Indian major carp rui, Chinese carp and a minor carp from local market and in laboratory simulations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% formaldehyde solution for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) with spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect fish consumption (kg/kg BW. d) data from 400 respondents. A probabilistic exposure assessment was conducted using @Risk7.0 software. Fish treated with formalin at increasing concentrations and exposure time showed increased trends of formaldehyde acquisition irrespective of fish species and analytical methods used (p < .05). Compared to spectrophotometry, the HPLC method was shown to be more sensitive and is therefore the preferred method for formalin quantification. Maximum exposure to formaldehyde (0.28 mg/kg BW. d) was calculated for tilapia using HPLC analysis. Margin of exposure (MoE) provides high priority (<10,000) for tilapia and Indian major carp rui at P99 under spectrophotometric analysis whereas as determined using HPLC, tilapia had MoE values much lower than 10,000 at P99, P95 and P90 (both total population and consumers). Exposure to formaldehyde associated with freshwater fish consumption is a public health concern in Southern Bangladesh and needs further assessment and risk management strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of artificially contaminated fish with formaldehyde under laboratory conditions and exposure assessment in freshwater fish in Southern Bangladesh

et al. 2018

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“…But, during frozen storage leaching, drip loss, denaturation, and degradation of protein and other biochemical components caused lower food value (Benjakul et al 2003, Emire andGebremariam 2010). Also, the duration of frozen storage has a great impact to increase muscle FA content to a great extent (Sotelo et al 1995, Bianchi et al 2007, Zhang et al 2015. Allow dose of FA can cause pain, vomiting, lethargy whereas a large doses a source of death for consumers (Zhang et al 2015).…”

Section: Tmaoase Tmao Dimethylamine and Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supply of quality foods mainly interrupted by the different types of physical, chemical, and biological hazards present in food (Erondu and Anyanwu 2005, Bianchi et al 2007, Ahmed et al 2012, Chiou et al 2015, Handford et al 2016. Among the different chemical contaminants in food, great attention has been paid towards volatile toxic aldehydes like formaldehyde (FA) (Bianchi et al 2007;Norliana et al 2009, Zhang et al 2015. In fish, FA could be accumulated naturally upon postmortem changes and during frozen storage from the enzymatic reduction of trimethylamine-Noxide (TMAO) to dimethylamine and FA (Sotelo 1995, Bianchi et al 2007 as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of frozen storage on the proximate composition and formaldehyde content in some selected fish from three different sources of southern Bangladesh

Rahman¹,

Hoque²,

Chakma³

et al. 2021

Bangladesh J. Fish.

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The study was conducted in aims to investigate the effects of frozen storage and cooking conditionson proximate compositions and formaldehyde content (FA) in some selected fish from three different sourcesin Bangladesh. Proximate composition in fresh and final frozen samples was determined by standard AOACmethod and FA content in fresh, frozen stored, and cooked samples was determined by spectrophotometricmethod. Among the studied fishes, marine fish contained higher protein (except Rita), lipid, and ash followedby estuarine and culture fish samples. Protein, moisture and ash content decreased and lipid content increasedsignificantly (p<0.05) during frozen storage for all samples and sources. The FA was lower in cultured fishsamples compared to that of the river and marine fish samples, both at fresh and end of frozen storage. Atfresh condition, FA content in all samples ranged from 0.41 to 0.71µg/g, 0.51 to 0.89µg/g, and 0.73 to1.69µg/g which increased to 0.95 to 2.11µg/g, 1.74 to 1.95µg/g, and 3.22 to 5.20µg/g at end of the storageperiod, respectively (p<0.05). Further, FA content significantly decreased after cooking in all the fishsamples (p<0.05). However, irrespective of fish species and sources, the FA content was higher than WHOrecommended value (0.2 µg/g). The study findings revealed that longer frozen storage of fish could be apublic health concern to the consumers.

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) has set up a maximum daily reference dose (RfD) of 0.15 mg/kg body weight per day for formaldehyde [ 12 ] and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) also set RfD of 0.2 mg/kg body weight per day for formaldehyde [ 4 , 13 ]. Also, the Malaysian Food and Regulation have set an FA threshold limit in fish and its products to be 5 mg/kg body weight per day [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Kumasi Metropolis Population in Ghana through Consumption of Fish Contaminated with Formaldehyde

Asare-Donkor

Adaagoam

Voegborlo

et al. 2018

Journal of Toxicology

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This study evaluates the exposure of the Ghanaian population of the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana to formaldehyde through the consumption of fish using 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazoline Hydrazone method, with trichloroacetic acid as an extracting agent. A total of sixty (60) fish species comprising both local and imported fish were bought from cold stores and fish ponds were analysed. Formaldehyde was found in all the species analysed with concentration ranging from 0.174 to 3.710 μgg−1. However, the levels were still lower than 5 mg/kg, which is the maximum limit established by the Malaysian Food Act and Regulation for formaldehyde in fish. The estimated daily intake values for formaldehyde in the fish species analysed ranged between 4.233 × 10−4 and 3.661 × 10−3 mg/kg BW/day and this was less than the acceptable daily intake of 0.15 and 0.2 mg/kg BW/day suggested by World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency for formaldehyde intake, respectively. The results for the hazard quotient calculated for all the species were less than one suggesting that the amount of formaldehyde in the fish is not likely to pose any potential adverse health effects to consumers. Thus, wet fish from Kumasi may be considered safe for consumption because of low formaldehyde content.

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The Research Progress of Endogenous Formaldehyde in Aquatic Products

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of artificially contaminated fish with formaldehyde under laboratory conditions and exposure assessment in freshwater fish in Southern Bangladesh

Evaluation of artificially contaminated fish with formaldehyde under laboratory conditions and exposure assessment in freshwater fish in Southern Bangladesh

Effects of frozen storage on the proximate composition and formaldehyde content in some selected fish from three different sources of southern Bangladesh

Risk Assessment of Kumasi Metropolis Population in Ghana through Consumption of Fish Contaminated with Formaldehyde

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