The response of gene expression associated with intramuscular fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Simmental × Yellow breed cattle to different energy levels of diets

Abstract

This study was designed to estimate dietary energy level on intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Simmental × Yellow breed cattle. Results showed that ultimate weight and average daily gain in high and medium energy groups were significantly higher than low‐energy group, yet feed conversion ratio was significantly lower. IMF content was significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas longissimus muscle shear force significantly decreased. Serum‐free fatty acids, triglycerides and glucose significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas growth hormone (GH) significantly decreased. Enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) significantly diminished. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, adipocyte‐fatty acid‐binding proteins, ACC, LPL, and FAS gene or protein expression significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas HSL, CPT‐1, and GH gene or protein expression significantly decreased. These results indicated that high dietary energy promoting IMF deposition is mainly by downregulating pituitary GH gene expression, decreasing serum GH concentration, increasing lipogenic genes levels of mRNA, enzyme activities and protein expression, and decreasing lipolytic genes levels of mRNA, enzyme activities, and protein expression.

The effects of fermented pineapple residue on growth performance, meat quality, and rumen microbiota of fattening Simmental bull

“…Intramuscular fat deposition is influenced by numerous factors, such as breed, genotype, age, and nutrition (Jeong et al, 2013 ). Luccia et al ( 2013 ) and Zhang and Guan ( 2019 ) found that improving dietary energy levels would increase the intramuscular fat content and decrease shear force, thus improving meat quality. A significant increase in crude fat content was observed in T50, whereas no differential shear force was detected.…”

Dietary carbon loaded with nano-ZnO alters the gut microbiota community to mediate bile acid metabolism and potentiate intestinal immune function in fattening beef cattle

“…The adaptation period was 7 days, and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The experimental period was determined based on the timing of short-term fattening in beef cattle [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…Several nutritional factors can affect beef cattle production, such as the roughage vs. concentrate ratio, glucose/starch availability, dietary energy and protein levels, and stage-specific feeding systems [ 1 , 2 ]. A growth stage-specific feeding system has generally been applied to produce highly marbled beef.…”

The Differential Expressions of PPARγ and CAST mRNA in Muscle Tissues of Jinhua and Landrace Pigs

“…The IMF of longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscle, and carcass lean content in Jinhua and Landrace pigs were shown in Fig 1 Pervious results have shown that many factors affected IMF and carcass lean content, such as genotypes, nutrition, age and so on (Insausti et al, 2005;Zhang and Guan, 2019). Carcass lean and IMF content is essential for eating quality, palatability, taste and flavor of meat (Huang et al, 2012).…”