The response of lipoproteins to dietary fat and cholesterol in lean and obese persons

Abstract

Individuals differ in the response of their blood lipoproteins to cholesterol-lowering diets. One characteristic clearly associated with susceptibility to diet is leanness: many studies show that total, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations respond more strongly to dietary fat and cholesterol in lean than in obese subjects. This is unlikely to be due differences in dietary compliance. A metabolic explanation is that obese people have a higher rate of total body cholesterol synthesis. The LDL receptors in their liver cells are partly suppressed by this large stream of endogenous cholesterol coming in from their enterohepatic circulation, and the amount added by dietary cholesterol relative to the endogenous pool would be less than in lean people.Whatever the mechanism, diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol are less effective in the obese; the most effective way for them to normalize their blood lipids is to lose weight, which is, unfortunately, hard to achieve in our society.

Effects of Adiposity on Plasma Lipid Response to Reductions in Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Cholesterol

“…Dietary cholesterol enters the pool of cholesterol that is transported to the liver, where it can suppress synthesis of LDLR, causing an increase in the conversion of VLDL remnants to LDL and a decrease in cholesterol clearance from the plasma, thereby increasing LDL-C levels (43). Regulation of this by the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) was first introduced by Brown and Goldstein (44).…”

Hepatoprotective Effect of Actinidia deliciosa against Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammations in Rats

“…In diabetes, lipoprotein lipase activity is inhibited due to insulin insufficiency, which promotes hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, elevated LDL-C is linked to saturated fat, which reduces the number of LDL receptors, resulting in the liver's inability to catabolize LDL-C [ 30 ]. HDL-C also plays an important function in cholesterol leakage from tissues, transporting it back to the liver for bile acid clearance.…”

Diet, the Control of Blood Lipids, and the Prevention of Heart Disease

“…Hyperresponders are more inclined to experience a greater increase in LDL-C following intake of dietary cholesterol than hypo-responders. Dietary cholesterol is absorbed with the aid of bile acids, packaged in chylomicrons, then transported to the liver, where it can suppress LDL receptor activity, leading to an increase in LDL-C as a result of decreased cholesterol clearance from plasma [ 86 ] .…”