The responses of lymphocytes from Asian and Caucasian diabetic patients and non-diabetics to hydrogen peroxide and sodium nitrite in the Comet assay

Wyatt, Natalie; Kelly, Christine; Fontana, Vincenzo; Merlo, Domenico Franco; Whitelaw, Donald; Anderson, Diana

doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.029

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Considering that the T2DM patients in this study showed a stabilized glycemic control with a baseline antioxidant capacity similar to those detected in the control group, our data further verify that, beside the diabetics condition, the increase in PBLs DNA damage mainly depends upon oxidative stress driven by high glycaemia. Concerning the hydrogen peroxide treated samples, our data confirmed the increased susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage [ 33 , 34 ], the percentage of DNA in tails in diabetic patients being significantly higher in comparison with controls, as measured by both total and net increases of % DNA in tails. After the training, only the spontaneous % DNA in the tails of diabetic patients resulted positively modified, while no significant effect could be detected with respect the H 2 O 2 -induced damage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Physical Exercise and Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetics: Effects of Moderate Training on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Evaluated through Comet Assay

Pittaluga

Sgadari

Dimauro

et al. 2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Objective. Hyperglycemia leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in type 2 diabetes, which reduces cellular antioxidant defenses and induces DNA lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on redox homeostasis and DNA oxidative damage of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic individuals. Methods and Results. 12 sedentary type 2 diabetic males (62.1 ± 4.3 yrs) and 12 sedentary healthy males (61.7 ± 3.9 yrs) were exposed to 4-month moderate training, 3 times per week, to evaluate the effect on plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde and antioxidant status (GSSG, GSH/GSSG, and ascorbic acid) as well as basal and H2O2-induced DNA damage trough alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. After training, glutathione and ascorbic acid levels increased in both groups, but only in diabetics the malondialdehyde as well as the DNA damage decreased. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates for the first time that moderate exercise training is not only effective in improving the redox homeostasis, through an increase of the endogenous antioxidant defences in healthy as well as in diabetic patients, but also, specifically in diabetic patients, effective in lowering the susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage and the lipid peroxidation levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Physical Exercise and Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetics: Effects of Moderate Training on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Evaluated through Comet Assay

Pittaluga

Sgadari

Dimauro

et al. 2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…In a more recent study, the alkaline comet assay was used to investigate the effect of sodium nitrite in isolated lymphocytes from Asian and Caucasian patients with and without diabetes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (Wyatt et al, 2006). A preliminary examination of lymphocytes (from two individuals) exposed in vitro for 30 min at 37°C to 0, 1, 10, 25, 50 and 75 mM sodium nitrite (equivalent to 0, 69, 690, 1,725, 3,450 and 5,175 mg sodium nitrite) did not show any significant change at any dose tested.…”

Section: Tests In Mammalian Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) as food additives

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) when used as food additives. The ADIs established by the SCF (1997) and by JECFA (2002) for nitrite were 0-0.06 and 0-0.07 mg/kg bw per day, respectively. The available information did not indicate in vivo genotoxic potential for sodium and potassium nitrite. Overall, an ADI for nitrite per se could be derived from the available repeated dose toxicity studies in animals, also considering the negative carcinogenicity results. The Panel concluded that an increased methaemoglobin level, observed in human and animals, was a relevant effect for the derivation of the ADI. The Panel, using a BMD approach, derived an ADI of 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw per day. The exposure to nitrite resulting from its use as food additive did not exceed this ADI for the general population, except for a slight exceedance in children at the highest percentile. The Panel assessed the endogenous formation of nitrosamines from nitrites based on the theoretical calculation of the NDMA produced upon ingestion of nitrites at the ADI and estimated a MoE > 10,000. The Panel estimated the MoE to exogenous nitrosamines in meat products to be < 10,000 in all age groups at high level exposure. Based on the results of a systematic review, it was not possible to clearly discern nitrosamines produced from the nitrite added at the authorised levels, from those found in the food matrix without addition of external nitrite. In epidemiological studies there was some evidence to link (i) dietary nitrite and gastric cancers and (ii) the combination of nitrite plus nitrate from processed meat and colorectal cancers. There was evidence to link preformed NDMA and colorectal cancers.

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“…Notably, an interesting study conducted by Leite et al (4) showed clear signs of oxidative stress in the dental pulp obtained from type I diabetic rats. In fact, it has been previously reported that production of ROS is found elevated in diabetic individuals, especially in cases of poor glycemic control (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Antioxidant Agent Tempol on Periapical Lesions in Rats with Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy

Wolle

Zollmann

Etges

et al. 2012

Journal of Endodontics

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The responses of lymphocytes from Asian and Caucasian diabetic patients and non-diabetics to hydrogen peroxide and sodium nitrite in the Comet assay

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Physical Exercise and Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetics: Effects of Moderate Training on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Evaluated through Comet Assay

Physical Exercise and Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetics: Effects of Moderate Training on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Evaluated through Comet Assay

Re‐evaluation of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) as food additives

Effects of the Antioxidant Agent Tempol on Periapical Lesions in Rats with Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy

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