The results of studying of biologized technology of safflower cultivation in the Western Kazakhstan

Abstract

Safflower production is actual in climatic conditions of the Western Kazakhstan, which is characterized with high heat supply and long vegetative period. In recent years, safflower crops in the Western Kazakhstan region did not exceed 29,000 ha and seed yield was quite low – 0.3–0.5 t per ha. Studying of biologized technologies of safflower cultivation is very important for crop productivity increase and sowing areas expanse. Next to the introduction of the highly productive varieties, perfection of agricultural techniques, especially application of biologic preparations, is a significant reserve of safflower yield increase in a system of organic farming. The purpose of the research was to study and estimate biologized technology of safflower cultivation in the Western Kazakhstan to supply producers with qualitative oil materials in a system of diversified plant growing. The researches were conducted in 2019–2020; we studied features of crop growth, development, productivity and seed quality when cultivating safflower with biologized technology in conditions of the first dry steppe zone of the Western Kazakhstan region. Due to results of comparative studying, seed yield and oil content in seeds of safflower were higher: 0.764 t per ha and 30.0%, respectively, when using biologized technology. The highest oil yield (0.229 t per ha) was received at joint application of a biopreparation Biodux, a biofungicide Orgamica S and a biofertilizers Organit N, Organit P (biologized technology) for seed disinfection and plants treatment during safflower vegetation, that was by 0.057 t per ha, or by 33.1%, higher than at traditional cultivation technology.

Identifying patterns in the fatty-acid composition of safflower depending on agroclimatic conditions

“…However, the results of our studies cannot be applied to all existing varieties of safflower. According to [10], some varieties show the opposite pattern with an increase in the amount of moisture. In this regard, we believe it is necessary to continue research into the influence and patterns of climatic conditions on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of oilseeds depending on the regions of growth.…”

“…At the same time, according to the authors of [10], the fat content in seeds decreased with an increase in the density of standing plants in crops, and, on wide-row crops, the fat content in seeds was less than on ordinary and row crops. An increase in the fat content in the seeds was noted with the row method of sowing.…”

“…Scientists from the West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, based on the results of research at the fields of the Daukara peasant farm in the Baiterek district in 2019-2020 [10], recommended technology for growing safflower with high consumer characteristics with a seed sowing rate of 500 thousand pieces/ha. The experimental scheme included two options for safflower cultivation technology:…”

“…Paper [10] found that the most oleic acid-rich varieties are Saffire (13.14 %) and Center 70 (13.70 %). At the same time, the content of oleic acid in the Saffire variety and the K-129 line increases when grown under watering conditions.…”

“…Our review of the scientific literature [9][10][11][12] suggests that it is advisable to conduct a study to determine the influence of sharply continental climatic characteristics of regions on the fatty acid composition and nutritional value of safflower.…”