The retinal targets of centrifugal neurons and the retinal neurons projecting to the accessory optic system

Nickla, Debora L.; Gottlieb, Michael D.; Marı́n, Gonzalo; Rojas, Ximena; Britto, Luiz Roberto Giorgetti de; Wallman, Josh

doi:10.1017/s0952523800001747

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the absence of definitive evidence, we assume that the ION neurons are excitatory, a view that is supported by evidence that at least some of them contain choline acetyltransferase (Bagnoli et al, 1992) and that their target cells receiving pericellular nests express excitatory nicotinic receptors (Nickla et al, 1994). Moreover, the only GABAergic neurons in the ION are a tiny population of interneurons (Miceli et al, 1995).…”

Section: A Proposed Circuit For Attentional Switchingmentioning

confidence: 94%

A centrifugally controlled circuit in the avian retina and its possible role in visual attention switching

1996

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The isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) is the main source of efferents to the retina in birds. Isthmo-optic neurons project in topographical order on amacrine cells in the ventral parts of the retina, and a subclass of these known as proprioretinal neurons project onto the dorsal retina. We propose that, through the intermediary of the amacrine target cells, activity in the isthmo-optic pathway excites ganglion cells locally in the ventral retina but inhibits those in dorsal regions. This circuit would thereby mediate centrifugally controlled switches in attention between the dorsal retina, involved in feeding, and the more ventral parts, involved in scanning for predators. This hypothesis accounts for a wide range of disparate data from behavior, comparative anatomy, endocrinology, hodology, and neurophysiology.

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Section: A Proposed Circuit For Attentional Switchingmentioning

confidence: 94%

A centrifugally controlled circuit in the avian retina and its possible role in visual attention switching

1996

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“…The authors supposed that the centrifugal axons act by increasing the gain on the accessory optic system, thereby enhancing retinal stabilization of gaze with improved accuracy of pecking of small objects. Nickla et al [48] showed that cytochrome-oxidase histochemistry in chicken retina specifically labels convergent centrifugal axons and target neurons which appear to be amacrine cells, as well as three types of ganglion cells: two types found in the inner nuclear layer (INL) (displaced ganglion cells) and one in the ganglion cell layer. Labeled target amacrine cells have distinct darkly labeled nests of boutons enveloping the somas.…”

Section: Termination Of Retinopetal Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histamine is expected to be released from retinopetal axons during the day in diurnal animals and during the night in nocturnal animals. While GABA [57,58], glutamate, NO [59] and acetylcholine [48] are involved in the function of the centrifugal visual system in sub-mammalian species, these transmitters are not described in mammals. In our material the majority of the neurons giving rise to the centrifugal visual fibers in the rat were present in the DG [25].…”

Section: Termination Of Retinopetal Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research on the Centrifugal Visual System in Mammalian Species

Köves¹,

Csáki²,

Vereczki³

2016

Anat Physiol

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Ample evidence indicates that both retinofugal (classical visual and the retino-hypothalamic pathways) and retinopetal connections (centrifugal visual system) are found between the eye and the central nervous system. More than hundred years ago Ramon Y Cajal and Dogiel, whose names are very well known by neuro-anatomists, described the termination pattern of the fibers deriving from the avian central nervous system. However, the location of nerve cell bodies was not known at that time. In the last century many data accumulated about these neurons not only in lower vertebrates but in mammals as well. The structures where the neurons give rise to the centrifugal visual fibres in mammals are the following: reticular formation and raphe nuclei of the midbrain, superior colliculus, pretectum, gray matter of the midbrain, dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, habenula, indusium griseum, hypothalamic supraoptic, Paraiventricular and arcuate nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamus. The centrifugal visual fibers enter the optic nerve layer, then reach the inner plexiform layer and terminate in the inner nulear layer of the retina in the vicinity of the amacrine cells. A series of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was described in the origin of the centrifugal visual system. These are the followings: luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, serotonin, histamine and leu-enkephalin. Several hypotheses arose on the function of this system. Centrifugal visual system arising from the histaminergic mammillary neurons modifies the sleep/wake cycle. Hallucinogenic drugs through the limbic system may cause disturbance of visual function and result in seeing visual hallucinations or distorted images.

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“…Nickla and co-workers (7) demonstrated immunoreactivity against the alpha-7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in centrifugal fibers and in ION neurons in chick species (7). In addition, high levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity have been reported in homogenates of chick and pigeon mesencephalon (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the retinal centrifugal system of the chick

Calaza

Gardino

2000

Braz J Med Biol Res

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In this study we characterize the presence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) of chicks by immunohistochemistry with the M35 antibody. Some M35-immunoreactive fibers were observed emerging from the retinal optic nerve insertion, suggesting that they could be centrifugal fibers. Indeed, intraocular injections of cholera toxin B (CTb), a retrograde tracer, and double-labeling with M35 and CTb in the ION confirmed this hypothesis. The presence of M35-immunoreactive cells and the possible mAChR expression in ION and ectopic neuron cells in the chick brain strongly suggest the existence of such a cholinergic system in this nucleus and that acetylcholine release from amacrine cells may mediate interactions between retinal cells and ION terminals.

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The retinal targets of centrifugal neurons and the retinal neurons projecting to the accessory optic system

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

A centrifugally controlled circuit in the avian retina and its possible role in visual attention switching

A centrifugally controlled circuit in the avian retina and its possible role in visual attention switching

Recent Research on the Centrifugal Visual System in Mammalian Species

Evidence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the retinal centrifugal system of the chick

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