The Retinitis of Arterio-Sclerosis, and Its Relation to Renal Retinitis and to Cerebral Vascular Disease

Moore, R. Foster

doi:10.1093/qjmed/os-10.37-38.29

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The other argument put forward against spasm causing retinal segmental nar rowing has been that when the blood pressure (BP) returns to normal after treatment, such areas rarely change their appearance and can even be seen in postmortem specimens. Moore [9] in 1917 showed that local retinal arteriolar narrowing was due to histologic changes in the vessel wall. Pickering 110], an authority on ar terial hypertension, considered retinal arterio lar narrowing to be due to organic changes, and he stated that "so far as human observa tions are concerned, this problem [of retinal arteriolar spasm] may now be said to be dead'.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retinal Arteriolar Changes in Malignant Arterial Hypertension

Hayreh

Servais

Virdi³

1989

Ophthalmologica

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Experimental renovascular malignant arterial hypertension was produced by modified Goldblatt’s procedures, in 60 rhesus monkeys, and various retinal arteriolar changes in hypertensive retinopathy were studied in detail (by serial ophthalmoscopy, and stereoscopic color fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography on long-term follow-up). The retinal arteriolar changes, in ophthalmoscopically visible arterioles, consisted of arteriolar sclerosis and associated changes, e.g., increased arteriolar tortuosity, arteriolar narrowing and in some animals occlusion and sheathing of the fine arterioles; we could find no evidence of localized or generalized ‘spasm’ in these retinal arterioles. Eyes in animals with accelerated arterial hypertension revealed focal dilatation and leakage of the retinal precapillary terminal arterioles (resulting in development of focal intraretinal periarteriolar transudates), and also occlusion of the terminal retinal arterioles (producing cotton-wool spots and associated intraretinal microvascular abnormalities). We discuss the controversial subjects of narrowing (particularly ‘spasm’) of ophthalmoscopically visible retinal arterioles and of fibrinoid necrosis in malignant hypertension.

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confidence: 99%

Retinal Arteriolar Changes in Malignant Arterial Hypertension

Hayreh

Servais

Virdi³

1989

Ophthalmologica

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“…However, evaluation of the ophthalmoscopic characteristics of the light streak presented several problems. The identification of 'pathological' reflectivity different from a 'normal' appearance was very difficult (Moore 1916;Salus 1958). N o objective methods existed enabling previous authors to quantify changes in this parameter.…”

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The width of the light reflex on retinal arteries and veins

Brinchmann‐Hansen¹,

Sandvik

1986

Acta Ophthalmologica

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A computerized microdensitometric technique was applied to fundus photographs of 40 young male subjects. The width of the blood column and the width of the central light reflex were measured on 240 arteries and 240 veins of various sizes. No light streaks were registered on vessels of caliber less than 50 micron. The ratio of the widths: light streak/blood column showed wider reflexes on small (less than 100 micron) compared to larger (greater than or equal to 100 micron) vessels in both arteries and veins (P less than 0.01). Small retinal veins had wider light streaks than small arteries (P less than 0.01). The results of these objective measurements are partly in conflict with previous ophthalmoscopic observations, and we challenge accepted views on clinical interpretation on reflectivity differences in normal retinal vessels. Our results are discussed on a background of hemodynamics of microcirculatory flow.

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“…Degenerative and sclerotic changes are associated with increased intensity of the light reflex (Gunn 1898;Moore 1916;Bardsley 1917). However, a decrease in intensity from retinal vessels is also regarded as a typical sign of ageing (Ballantyne 1937;Friedenwald 1947).…”

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confidence: 99%

The light reflex in retinal vessels and its relation to age and systemic blood pressure

Brinchmann‐Hansen¹,

Myhre

Sandvik³

1987

Acta Ophthalmologica

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The light streak characteristics on retinal vessels were studied by microdensitometry on fundus photographs. We compared the width and the intensity of the reflex in a young group (mean: 19.7-year-old; n = 40) and in an older group (mean: 45.3-years-old; n = 22) of normal subjects. By subgrouping according to age and blood pressure levels, we studied possible effects of these parameters on the light streak. We found higher intensity of reflection from both arteries and veins in the older group (P less than 0.01). This effect seemed mostly related to the age of the subjects. We also registered a relation between systolic blood pressure and intensity of reflection from veins in the young group (P less than 0.03). Optical changes in the vessel walls in the ageing process and intravascular pressure effects on the indices of refraction in the erythrocytes/plasma may account for these findings. The width of the reflex was not found to be related to either the age or the blood pressure level of the subjects.

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The Retinitis of Arterio-Sclerosis, and Its Relation to Renal Retinitis and to Cerebral Vascular Disease

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Retinal Arteriolar Changes in Malignant Arterial Hypertension

Retinal Arteriolar Changes in Malignant Arterial Hypertension

The width of the light reflex on retinal arteries and veins

The light reflex in retinal vessels and its relation to age and systemic blood pressure

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