The Retreat of Plague from Central Europe, 1640-1720: A Geomedical Approach

Eckert, Edward A.

doi:10.1353/bhm.2000.0015

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most prominent pandemic is the Second Plague Pandemic, which raged in Europe and beyond between the 14th and the 19th century of the common era (CE). However, while its narrative is often dominated by the Black Death epidemic (1346 to 1353), which is estimated to have killed 30 to 60% of the European population within a few years, outbreaks of plague were common in Europe until the early 19th century while recurring several decades beyond that in other parts of the world (5)(6)(7)(8). Strikingly, around the middle of the 17th century, a major shift in plague dynamics occurred, after which only a single continental-scale epidemic was documented in Western Europe during the early 1700s (5-7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

Guellil

Kersten

Namouchi

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plague continued to afflict Europe for more than five centuries after the Black Death. Yet, by the 17th century, the dynamics of plague had changed, leading to its slow decline in Western Europe over the subsequent 200 y, a period for which only one genome was previously available. Using a multidisciplinary approach, combining genomic and historical data, we assembled Y. pestis genomes from nine individuals covering four Eurasian sites and placed them into an historical context within the established phylogeny. CHE1 (Chechnya, Russia, 18th century) is now the latest Second Plague Pandemic genome and the first non-European sample in the post-Black Death lineage. Its placement in the phylogeny and our synthesis point toward the existence of an extra-European reservoir feeding plague into Western Europe in multiple waves. By considering socioeconomic, ecological, and climatic factors we highlight the importance of a noneurocentric approach for the discussion on Second Plague Pandemic dynamics in Europe.

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confidence: 99%

“…Strikingly, around the middle of the 17th century, a major shift in plague dynamics occurred, after which only a single continental-scale epidemic was documented in Western Europe during the early 1700s (5-7). More localized outbreaks occurred until the early 19th century (e.g., Malta) (5,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

Guellil

Kersten

Namouchi

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Subsequent epidemics had mortality rates of 10-15% and occurred in 2 to 5 year cycles. In most instances, the recurrent outbreaks and epidemics likely originated from residual plague foci; however, in other cases a complete reintroduction of plague may have occurred [38] [38]. Much like the reactions of society and physicians in antiquity, many physicians of Medieval Europe probably fled their towns once plague had arrived; but others upheld the highest values of their profession and continued to care for the sick [31].…”

Section: A Review Of Plague Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was not until Robert Koch's discovery of Bacillus anthracis as the causative agent of anthrax in the year 1876 that put the widespread theory of miasmatic cause of disease finally to rest [38]. However, an additional 20 years had to pass after Koch's discovery, before the mystery of plague was finally resolved.…”

Section: A Review Of Plague Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics: The Relevance of an Ancient Disease in Modern Times

Boire¹

2014

J Anc Dis Prev Rem

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“…The third important corridor was along the coastal region of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Since the middle of the 17 th century generally there can be seen a reduction in plague activity in this area (Eckert, 2000).…”

Section: The Second Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of the plague and the research on the causative agent Yersinia pestis

Zietz

Dunkelberg

2004

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

129

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The plague is an infectious bacterial disease having a high fatality rate without treatment. It has occurred in three huge pandemics since the 6th century with millions of deaths and numerous smaller epidemics and sporadic cases. Referring to specific clinical symptoms of pulmonary plague the disease became known as the Black Death. This pandemic probably originated in central Asia and began spreading westward along major trade routes. Upon the arrival in the eastern Mediterranean the disease quickly spread especially by sea traffic to Italy, Greece and France and later throughout Europe by land. Until the 18th century many European cities were frequently affected by other great plague epidemics. The worldwide spread of the third pandemic began when the plague reached Hong Kong and Canton in the year 1894. The gram-negative coccobacillus now designated as Yersinia pestis has been discovered as the causative agent of plague in this Hong Kong outbreak. In the following years the role of rats and fleas and their detailed role in the transmission of plague has been discovered and experimentally verified. Today the plague is still endemic in many countries of the world.

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The Retreat of Plague from Central Europe, 1640-1720: A Geomedical Approach

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics: The Relevance of an Ancient Disease in Modern Times

The history of the plague and the research on the causative agent Yersinia pestis

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