The risk of neurodevelopmental disorders following Thimerosal-containing Hib vaccine in comparison to Thimerosal-free Hib vaccine administered from 1995 to 1999 in the United States

Geier, David A.; Homme, Kristin G.; Geier, Mark R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.03.004

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, to overcome this bias, the WHO suggests the use of index age groups. 12 The index age groups used in this study suggested that while there was some difference in the salivary mercury levels of children with ADHD and those without in the primary dentition (6-7 years) age group, this difference was not significant with the children in the mixed (12-13 years) and permanent (15-16 years) age groups. 12 This finding could explain the observations of Lygre et al, who found that the association between the presence of a maternal dental amalgam restoration and ADHD was inversely associated with the age of the child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…12 The index age groups used in this study suggested that while there was some difference in the salivary mercury levels of children with ADHD and those without in the primary dentition (6-7 years) age group, this difference was not significant with the children in the mixed (12-13 years) and permanent (15-16 years) age groups. 12 This finding could explain the observations of Lygre et al, who found that the association between the presence of a maternal dental amalgam restoration and ADHD was inversely associated with the age of the child. 13 While the metabolism of mercury in children is beyond the scope of this study, the results of this study seem to suggest that future research could look into the possible reasons Differences in superscript denote difference significant at p < 0.05 when compared using the Tukey's highest significant difference (HSD) test for this inverse association between age and mercury levels as it is related to ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…There have been several studies to show that the trace amounts of mercury found in vaccines or in dental products may be associated with ADHD; however, the models proposed fail to prove a causal relationship. [12][13][14] Saliva is a useful noninvasive screening tool for several heavy metals, including mercury. Salivary analysis of mercury provides a relatively easy measure to compare mercury levels in children with ADHD and those without ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Salivary Mercury Levels in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder When Compared to Age-matched Controls: A Case-control Observational Study

Barry

Almotawah

Pani

et al. 2020

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the level of mercury in the saliva of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared to age-and gender-matched controls in specific age groups. Materials and methods: A case-control observational study design was used. In school children with ADHD and outpatient dental clinics of a university dental hospital, the participants were schoolchildren diagnosed with ADHD studying in the first grade (6-7 years), sixth grade (12-13 years), and ninth grade (15-16 years) and were gender-matched to children without ADHD attending regular classes in school. Ninety children with ADHD comprised the test group while 90 children without ADHD comprised the control group. Results: In this study, we found that children with ADHD had higher levels of salivary mercury than their age-and gender-matched counterparts; however, this difference was significant only in the 6-7 years of age group. The regression model showed a mild positive association between salivary mercury and ADHD; however, the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: While there is some indication that salivary mercury may be higher in children with ADHD, there is insufficient evidence to establish a definite association between the two. Clinical significance: The study highlights the need to evaluate existing evidence on the role of mercury, especially salivary mercury, in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Salivary Mercury Levels in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder When Compared to Age-matched Controls: A Case-control Observational Study

Barry

Almotawah

Pani

et al. 2020

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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“…MeHg exposure has been described as a risk factor for ADHD, given that the developing nervous system is most sensitive to the neurotoxicity of MeHg [ 70–72 ]; indeed, several studies have shown that mercury exposure, in the form of thimerosal (a mercury-based vaccine preservative), may be positively related to increased occurrence of behavior phenotype of ADHD [ 73 , 74 ]. In addition, the association between prenatal MeHg exposure and the risk of ADHD was shown in a prospective cohort study in the Canadian Arctic and other cross-sectional studies [ 19 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental exposure to methylmercury and ADHD, a literature review of epigenetic studies

Tinkov

Skalny

et al. 2021

Environmental Epigenetics

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the competence of academic performance and social wellness in children and adults. The causes of ADHD are unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ADHD. The behavioral impairments in ADHD are associated with epigenetic changes in genes that are important for neurodevelopment. Among environmental causes of ADHD, the neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) is associated with an increased risk for ADHD. Developing children are susceptible to neurotoxic effects of prenatal MeHg exposure. Human epidemiology studies have shown that prenatal MeHg exposure could invoke epigenetic changes in genes that are involved in ADHD. In addition, the pathogenesis of ADHD involves dopaminergic system, which is a target of developmental MeHg exposure. MeHg-induced alterations in the dopaminergic system have a profound impact on behavioral functions in adults. As a trace level of MeHg (around nM) can induce long-lasting behavioral alterations, potential mechanisms of MeHg-induced functional changes in the dopaminergic system may involve epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we review the relevant evidence on developmental MeHg exposures and the risk for ADHD. We also point out research gaps in understanding environmental causes of ADHD.

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The Novel Potential Therapeutic Utility of Montelukast in Alleviating Autistic Behavior Induced by Early Postnatal Administration of Thimerosal in Mice

2020

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The risk of neurodevelopmental disorders following Thimerosal-containing Hib vaccine in comparison to Thimerosal-free Hib vaccine administered from 1995 to 1999 in the United States

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

A Comparison of Salivary Mercury Levels in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder When Compared to Age-matched Controls: A Case-control Observational Study

A Comparison of Salivary Mercury Levels in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder When Compared to Age-matched Controls: A Case-control Observational Study

Developmental exposure to methylmercury and ADHD, a literature review of epigenetic studies

The Novel Potential Therapeutic Utility of Montelukast in Alleviating Autistic Behavior Induced by Early Postnatal Administration of Thimerosal in Mice

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