The Risks and Benefits of Running Barefoot or in Minimalist Shoes

Perkins, Kyle P.; Hanney, William J.; Rothschild, Carey E.

doi:10.1177/1941738114546846

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…4,27 However, increased negative work at the ankle requires increased eccentric muscle action by the ankle plantarflexor muscles, which could increase the risk of injury to the Achilles tendon and triceps surae. 28 Runners transitioning to minimalist shoes should make this change slowly to allow time for the triceps surae and Achilles tendon to adapt to the increased eccentric muscle action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Fuller

Buckley

Tsiros

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Minimalist shoes have been suggested as a way to alter running biomechanics to improve running performance and reduce injuries. However, to date, researchers have only considered the effect of minimalist shoes at slow running speeds.Objective: To determine if runners change foot-strike pattern and alter the distribution of mechanical work at the knee and ankle joints when running at a fast speed in minimalist shoes compared with conventional running shoes.Design: Crossover study. Setting: Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-six trained runners (age ¼ 30.0 6 7.9 years [age range, 18À40 years], height ¼ 1.79 6 0.06 m, mass ¼ 75.3 6 8.2 kg, weekly training distance ¼ 27 6 15 km) who ran with a habitual rearfoot foot-strike pattern and had no experience running in minimalist shoes.Intervention(s): Participants completed overground running trials at 18 km/h in minimalist and conventional shoes.Main Outcome Measure(s): Sagittal-plane kinematics and joint work at the knee and ankle joints were computed using 3-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data. Footstrike pattern was classified as rearfoot, midfoot, or forefoot strike based on strike index and ankle angle at initial contact.Results Conclusions: Running in minimalist shoes at a fast speed caused a redistribution of work from the knee to the ankle joint. This finding suggests that runners changing from conventional to minimalist shoes for short-distance races could be at an increased risk of ankle and calf injuries but a reduced risk of knee injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Fuller

Buckley

Tsiros

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Previous studies, however, suggested that the negative work of the joint corresponded well to the negative work generated by the associated eccentric muscle contraction [8,52]. Therefore, the negative work of each lower extremity joint determined during running can be used to evaluate the potential risk of the associated muscle injury [17,34].…”

Section: Training Shoes Do Not Decrease the Negative Work Of The Lowementioning

confidence: 99%

Training Shoes do not Decrease the Negative Work of the Lower Extremity Joints

et al. 2017

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Different types of running shoes may have different influence on the negative work of each lower extremity joint. Clarifying this influence can reduce the potential risk of muscle injury. The present study examined the difference in the negative work and associated kinetic and kinematic parameters of the lower extremity joints between training shoes and racing flats during the contact phase of running. Participants were asked to run on a runway at a speed of 3.0 m·s for both training shoes and racing flats. The negative work and associated kinetic and kinematic parameters of each lower extremity joint were calculated. No difference was found in the negative work of the hip and ankle joints between the two types of running shoes. Meanwhile, the negative work of the knee joint was significantly greater for training shoes than for racing flats. This aspect was related to a longer duration of the negative power of the knee joint with the invariant amplitude of the negative power, moment, and angular velocity. These results suggest a higher potential risk of muscle injury around the knee joint for training shoes than for racing flats.

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“…On the other hand, barefoot overground running would lead to increased loading rate (Chambon, Delattre, Guéguen, Berton, & Rao, 2015) and minimalist shoes to a greater incidence of foot stress injuries in newly "minimalist" runners (Ridge et al, 2013). No definitive conclusions can thus be drawn, even in the absence of fatigue, regarding specific risks or benefits to running barefoot, shod or in minimalist shoes (Perkins, Hanney, & Rothschild, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuro-mechanical adjustments to shod versus barefoot treadmill runs in the acute and delayed stretch-shortening cycle recovery phases

Morio

Sevrez

Chavet

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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In habitually shod recreational runners, we studied the combined influence of footwear and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) fatigue on treadmill running pattern, paying special attention to neuro-mechanical adjustments in the acute and 2-day delayed recovery periods. The SSC exercise consisted of a series of 25 sub-maximal rebounds on a sledge apparatus repeated until exhaustion. The acute and delayed functional fatigue effects were quantified in a maximal drop jump test. The neuro-mechanical adjustments to fatigue were examined during two submaximal treadmill run tests of 3 min performed either barefoot or with shoes on. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities, tibial accelerations and kinematics of the right lower limb were recorded during the first and last 15 s of each run. The main result was that neuro-mechanical differences between the shod and barefoot running patterns, classically reported in the absence of fatigue, persisted in the fatigued state. However, in the delayed recovery phase, rearfoot eversion was found to significantly increase in the shod condition. This specific footwear effect is considered as a potential risk factor of overuse injuries in longer runs. Therefore, specific care should be addressed in the delayed recovery phase of SSC fatigue and the use of motion control shoes could be of interest.

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The Risks and Benefits of Running Barefoot or in Minimalist Shoes

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Training Shoes do not Decrease the Negative Work of the Lower Extremity Joints

Neuro-mechanical adjustments to shod versus barefoot treadmill runs in the acute and delayed stretch-shortening cycle recovery phases

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