The roar of Yasur: Handheld audio recorder monitoring of Vanuatu volcanic vent activity

Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E. P.; Howell, R. R.; Radebaugh, J.; Lopes, R. M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.019

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Products are basaltic, i.e., silica‐poor (47 to 52% of SiO 2 at Etna [ Giacomoni et al ., ], 47–53% at Batu Tara [ Rittmann , ; Stolz et al ., ; Hoogewerff et al ., ], 52% at Stromboli [ Métrich et al ., ], and 55–59% at Yasur [ Kremers et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ]). These low‐viscosity magmas (e.g., 10 2 to 10 4 Pa s at Stromboli [ James et al ., ; Métrich et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ; Vona et al ., ] and 10 4 Pa s at Yasur [ Kremers et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ]) permit the decoupling of gas, leading to Strombolian activity, occurring from vents whose diameters range between 1 and 20 m [ Chouet et al ., ; Nabyl et al ., ; Harris and Ripepe , ; James et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ; Lorenz et al ., ].…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating puffing and explosions in a general scheme for Strombolian‐style activity

et al. 2017

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Strombolian eruptions are among the most common subaerial styles of explosive volcanism worldwide. Distinctive features of each volcano lead to a correspondingly wide range of variations of magnitude and erupted products, but most papers focus on a single type of event at a single volcano. Here, in order to emphasize the common features underlying this diversity of styles, we scrutinize a database from 35 different erupting vents, including 21 thermal infrared videos from Stromboli (Italy), Etna (Italy), Yasur (Vanuatu), and Batu Tara (Indonesia), from puffing, through rapid explosions to normal explosions, with variable ejection parameters and relative abundance of gas, ash, and bombs. Using field observations and high‐speed thermal infrared videos processed by a new algorithm, we identify the distinguishing characteristics of each type of activity and how they may relate and interact. In particular, we record that ash‐poor normal explosions may be preceded and followed by the onset or the increase of the puffing activity, while ash‐rich explosions are emergent, i.e., with inflation of the free surface followed directly by emission of increasingly large gas pockets. Overall, we see that all Strombolian activities form a continuum arising from a common mechanism and are modulated by the combination of two well‐established controls: (1) the length of the bursting gas pocket with respect to the vent diameter and (2) the presence and thickness of a high‐viscosity layer in the uppermost part of the volcanic conduit.

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Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating puffing and explosions in a general scheme for Strombolian‐style activity

et al. 2017

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“…However, there is growing evidence that non-linear near-vent propagation [Maher et al 2020 Studies using acoustic signals in the audible frequency band are less frequent [e.g. Goto et al 2014;Taddeucci et al 2014;Lorenz et al 2016] compared to studies using infrasound, partly because audible sound is more affected by attenuation. In a study using wideband acoustic observations at Stromboli volcano, Italy, Goto et al [2014] found that gas-dominated explosions could only be detected in the audible frequency spectrum.…”

Section: Volcano Acousticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drone deployed sensors: a tool for multiparametric near-vent measurements of volcanic explosions

Schmid

Kueppers

Huber³

et al. 2023

Volcanica

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Observations and measurements on active volcanoes are commonly conducted at a distance considered safe from the inherent dangers linked to volcanic explosions. This reduction in proximity adds a degree of uncertainty to the interpretation of monitoring data due to enhanced signal path effects. Here, we describe custom-built, drone-deployable sensor platforms designed to acquire data at high proximity to volcanic vents. They are equipped with an environmental sensor capable of measuring temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure, a microphone (6 Hz–20 kHz) to reconstruct the acoustic pressure, and an electrical resonant circuit to detect electrical signals in the 500 kHz frequency band. Communication and data transfer is achieved through a radio link between the sensor platform and the base station. Our sensor platforms may be employed in the collection of data of near-vent characteristics of volcanic explosions, observations that are essential for quantifying and understanding the driving forces underlying volcanic explosions.

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“…Yasur is an active, open‐vent volcano located on Tanna Island in Vanuatu. Infrasound and audio signals have previously been studied at Yasur by a number of researchers (e.g., Iezzi et al., 2019; Jolly et al., 2017; Kremers et al., 2013; Lorenz et al., 2016; Maher et al., 2022; Marchetti et al., 2013; Meier et al., 2016; Spina et al., 2015), who have primarily focused on the powerful infrasound produced during explosions from multiple vents located at the bottom of the southern crater (Simons et al., 2020) (Figure 1). Yasur's sporadic explosion infrasound, occurring every few minutes, is a persistent feature and is also accompanied by sustained infrasound tremor (e.g., Spina et al., 2015), excited by vents in both craters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano Opto‐Acoustics: Mapping the Infrasound Wavefield at Yasur Volcano (Vanuatu)

Johnson

Boyer

Watson

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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We explore the capabilities of volcano opto‐acoustics, a promising technique for measuring explosion and infrasound resonance phenomena at open‐vent volcanoes. Joint visual and infrasound study at Yasur Volcano (Vanuatu) demonstrate that even consumer‐grade cameras are capable of recording infrasound with high fidelity. Passage of infrasonic waves, ranging from as low as 5 Pa to hundreds of Pa, from both explosions and persistent tremor, pressurizes and depressurizes ambient plumes inducing visible vaporization and condensation respectively. Optical tracking of these pressure wavefields can be used to identify spectral characteristics, which vary within Yasur's two deep craters and are distinct for explosion and tremor sources. Wavefield maps can illuminate the propagation of blasts as well as the dynamics of persistent infrasonic tremor associated with standing waves in the craters. We propose that opto‐acoustic monitoring is useful for extraction of near‐vent infrasound signal and for tracking volcanic unrest from a remote distance.

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The roar of Yasur: Handheld audio recorder monitoring of Vanuatu volcanic vent activity

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Integrating puffing and explosions in a general scheme for Strombolian‐style activity

Integrating puffing and explosions in a general scheme for Strombolian‐style activity

Drone deployed sensors: a tool for multiparametric near-vent measurements of volcanic explosions

Volcano Opto‐Acoustics: Mapping the Infrasound Wavefield at Yasur Volcano (Vanuatu)

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