The role interplay between mesoporous silica pore volume and surface area and their effect on drug loading capacity

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Effective Targeting of Colon Cancer Cells with Piperine Natural Anticancer Prodrug Using Functionalized Clusters of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

“…These properties are higher for HAP comparing to HAP-P nanoparticles. This in the line with previous studies with mesoporous materials in drug delivery [51,52]. Because UV-vis is a more accurate method than TG, its results provided valuable information that the preparation steps did not influence the Pip content of HAPs.…”

Importance of Mesoporous Silica Particle Size in the Stabilization of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals—The Case of Simvastatin

“…When the drug molecules are present outside the MS pores, the stabilization is usually explained by the second mechanism [36,37]. MS materials can inhibit the recrystallization of disordered APIs through interactions between the functional groups of the drug molecules and those on the MS surface; this is mainly due to their large specific surface area, which is often larger than 300 m 2 /g [38]. It has to be pointed out that this stabilization mechanism has one limitation-it works only when amount of the MS is enough to host a few layers of API molecules.…”

Crystallisation Behaviour of Pharmaceutical Compounds Confined within Mesoporous Silicon

“…Inorganic mesoporous substrates, i.e., materials with pores ranging between 2 and 50 nm in diameter, have shown promise for stabilising drugs in the amorphous state due to their exceptional properties, such as a large pore volume, which confers the ability to host large amounts of drug compounds; a high surface area, allowing great potential for drug adsorption; and tuneable pore size with an uniform distribution, allowing a reproducible loading and release of drugs [14][15][16][17]. The amorphisation of pore-loaded compounds is hypothesised to be related, amongst other properties, with the limited space available within a pore, which can prevent nucleation and subsequent crystal growth by decreasing Gibbs free energy, leading to the confinement and stabilisation of the drug [18][19][20]. The confinement of drug compounds inside the pores of mesoporous materials additionally enables the attainment of local high-drug concentrations and even drug supersaturation, leading to an increase in drug permeation and subsequent net absorption [21,22].…”

“…The influence of pore volume and surface area on drug-loading capacity was also investigated by Bavnhøj and collaborators using three model drugs with good glass-forming capabilities [18]. Loading capacity was defined to be either monomolecular loading capacity (MLC) or pore-filling capacity (PFC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the MLC defining the heat capacity over the glass transition temperature from the amorphous state of each drug.…”

“…The silicon hydride species present in the as-anodised surface of pSi can promote reactivity towards any compound potentially loaded within the pores of pSi [63,64], and thus, a stable nonreactive surface is essential to replace the unstable hydrogen-terminated surface of the freshly etched pSi. The conversion of the reactive groups at the surface into more stable oxidised, hydrosilylated, or (hydro) carbonised forms allows for further modification of the pSi surface ( Figure 5), which can include radiotracers such as 18 F [65]. Selective substitution of hydrogen on the surface of pSi with hydroxyls can also be conducted to leverage direct chemical linking of the pSi with organic molecules, therefore circumventing the intermediate oxide layer.…”