The Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Management of the Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Małkowski, Bogdan; Serafin, Zbigniew; Glonek, Rafał; Suwała, Szymon; Łopatto, Rita; Junik, Roman

doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00208

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[ 7 ] New imaging frontiers such as 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans may assess thyroid lesions and are being evaluated for the management of autoimmune thyroid disease. [ 8 9 ] Interestingly, the underlying pathophysiology of this autoimmune disorder and clinical conversion remains unresolved. Deeper insights into biochemical alterations, innovative diagnostic modalities, and extensive epidemiologic studies would be required to further comprehend this phenomenon and increase the quality of care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graves' disease: A rare fate of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

2021

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Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a known autoimmune disorder that leads to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, with a gradual decline in function and eventual hypothyroidism. Conversion of Hashimoto's thyroiditis to Graves' disease is unusual clinically and has been occasionally reported in the literature. Awareness of such a rare phenomenon is important for the physicians evaluating patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Close investigation of the patient's symptoms and biochemical status is crucial in the implementation of appropriate treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graves' disease: A rare fate of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

2021

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“…4). Diffuse 18 F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland is usually associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and has little or no clinical relevance (30)(31)(32). Focal 18 F-FDG uptake in the thyroid gland can be found in nodular goiter, and about 35% of these incidentalomas are thyroid cancer (33).…”

Section: Incidentalomas-when An 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Clinical Management of Benign Thyroid Disorders. Part 2. Nodular Goiter, Hypothyroidism, and Subacute Thyroiditis

et al. 2021

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Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to have acquired knowledge on (1) the clinical manifestations, underlying pathophysiology, imaging modalities, and therapy of non-toxic nodular goiter; (2) the clinical manifestations, underlying pathophysiology, imaging modalities, and therapy of hypothyroidism; and (3) on the clinical manifestations, underlying pathophysiology, imaging modalities, and therapy of subacute thyroiditis.Financial Disclosure: The authors of this article have indicated no relevant relationships that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest.CME Credit: SNMMI is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing education for physicians. SNMMI designates each JNM continuing education article for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. For CE credit, SAM, and other credit types, participants can access this activity through the SNMMI website (http://www. snmmilearningcenter.org) through July 2024.Part 2 of this series of Continuing Education articles on benign thyroid disorders deals with nodular goiter, hypothyroidism, and subacute thyroiditis. Together with Part 1 (which dealt with various forms of hyperthyroidism), this article is intended to provide relevant information for specialists in nuclear medicine dealing with the clinical management of patients with benign thyroid disorders, the primary audience for this series. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is a common endocrine abnormality. Constitutional factors, genetic abnormalities, or dietary and environmental factors may contribute to the development of nodular goiter. Most patients with nontoxic nodular goiter are asymptomatic or have only mild mechanical symptoms (globus pharyngis). Workup of these patients includes measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid autoantibodies, ultrasound imaging, thyroid scintigraphy, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nodules with certain ultrasound and scintigraphic features. Treatment for multinodular goiter includes dietary iodine supplementation, surgery, radioiodine therapy (to decrease thyroid size), and minimally invasive ablation techniques. Hypothyroidism ranges from rare cases of myxedema to more common mild forms (subclinical hypothyroidism). Primary hypothyroidism often has an autoimmune etiology. Clinical presentations differ in neonates, children, adults, and elderly patients. Work-up includes thyroid function tests and ultrasound imaging. Nuclear medicine is primarily used to locate ectopic thyroid tissue in congenital hypothyroidism or to detect defects in iodine organification with the perchlorate discharge test. Treatment consists of thyroid replacement therapy with L-thyroxine, adjusting the daily dose to the individual patient's metabolic and hormonal requirements. Subacute thyroiditis is a selfl...

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“…Thyroid hormone levels are low when your thyroid is underactive. TSH is raised at the same time because your pituitary gland is attempting to stimulate your thyroid gland to create more thyroid hormone (Malkowski et al, 2019). An antibody test is useful as the creation of aberrant antibodies is the cause of Hashimoto's disease, which is an autoimmune condition.…”

Section: Clinical Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not everyone with Hashimoto's thyroiditis has a positive TPO antibody test. Many patients have TPO antibodies but no goiter, hypothyroidism, or other thyroid issues (Malkowski et al, 2019). Previously, doctors couldn't discover an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), the primary symptom of Hashimoto's disease, until the disease had progressed.…”

Section: Clinical Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AITDs are the most common cause of acquired thyroid disease during infancy and adolescence, despite reaching a peak in maturity. AITDs include Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD), both of which are characterized by thyroid infiltration by T and B cells that respond against thyroid antigens and the production of thyroid autoantibodies (Malkowski et al, 2019). Hashimoto thyroiditis is an 2 autoimmune illness that damages thyroid cells through immunological mechanisms mediated by cells and antibodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Autoimmune Disease: Background and Current Status, Update Overview of Biotechnological and Biomedical Fields and Future Trends for 3D Models

Capuzzo¹

2021

Preprint

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Hashimoto thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune illness in which thyroid cells are damaged by immunological mechanisms involving cells and antibodies. Thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the serum are biochemical indicators of the condition, with females having a higher incidence than males and increasing with age. It's the leading cause of hypothyroidism in affluent countries. Inadequate dietary iodine intake, on the other hand, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. The development of antithyroid antibodies that target the thyroid tissue, causing gradual fibrosis, is the pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. The diagnosis can be difficult, and as a result, the problem is frequently not detected until late in the disease process. The most prevalent laboratory findings are raised TSH and low thyroxine (T4) levels, as well as enhanced antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Hashimoto thyroiditis are discussed in this article.

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The Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Management of the Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Graves' disease: A rare fate of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Graves' disease: A rare fate of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Clinical Management of Benign Thyroid Disorders. Part 2. Nodular Goiter, Hypothyroidism, and Subacute Thyroiditis

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Autoimmune Disease: Background and Current Status, Update Overview of Biotechnological and Biomedical Fields and Future Trends for 3D Models

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