The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement

Luo, Jian; Cheng, Huikai; Asl, Kaveh Meshinchi; Kiely, Christopher J.; Harmer, Martin P.

doi:10.1126/science.1208774

Cited by 271 publications

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“…3) -separated by the first-order GB transition line (the purple dashed line) computed from the lattice model. Our prior study has already demonstrated via AC STEM high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging that bilayers form ubiquitously at solid-liquid coexistence (along the solidus line) at 700°C and 1100°C [29]. In this study, the lattice model (Figs.…”

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“…c o m / l o c a t e / s c r i p t a m a t assessing the lattice model as well as representing (at least some) GBto-GB variations. A computed GB complexion diagram has been constructed for the average general GBs in Bi-doped Ni and subsequently validated by both direct AC STEM characterization (including new AC STEM results for a specimen quenched from 1400°C collected in this study, along with prior results for 700°C and 1100°C [29]) and previously-reported AES analysis of GB segregation [32]. The GB energy of a binary A-B alloy can be expressed as:…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we computed a GB complexion diagram for average general GBs in Bi-doped Ni, for which a recent experimental study found ubiquitous formation of a bilayer complexion at virtually all general GBs at 700°C and 1100°C [29]. Furthermore, we calculated the GB transition lines for two special GBs based on the 0 K density functional theory (DFT) calculations reported in two prior studies [30,31] for Scripta Materialia 130 (2017) [165][166][167][168][169] …”

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“…Third, the Bi chemical potentials in the NiBi compound obtained from the CALPHAD and DFT are somewhat different (noting that the CALPHAD data were fitted referencing to the bulk compound so that the relative chemical potentials are likely more relevant). Finally, the lattice model is designed to represent the average general (Σ ∞) GBs, whereas DFT calculations were conducted for special Σ5 tilt GBs and for the lowest-energy Σ3 (111) twist GB [29][30][31]. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note that the relative stabilities of the "clean" vs. bilayer complexions at the average general GBs represented the lattice model are between the two DFT calculations for Σ5 (210) and Σ5 (310) tilt GBs [30,31] (Fig.…”

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“…An early report in 1999 [21] also constructed a GB complexion diagram for Cu-Bi via a rather simple model that considered GBs as "quasi-liquid layers" to explain the GB segregation behaviors measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), but more recent aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC STEM) observed an ordered bilayer complexion in Cu-Bi instead [22]. GB complexion diagrams with first-order transition lines and critical points have been constructed using diffuse-interface (phase-field) [1,23,24] and latticetype [16,[25][26][27][28] models, which have not yet been validated with experiments systematically, particularly by direct HRTEM or STEM characterization.In this study, we computed a GB complexion diagram for average general GBs in Bi-doped Ni, for which a recent experimental study found ubiquitous formation of a bilayer complexion at virtually all general GBs at 700°C and 1100°C [29]. Furthermore, we calculated the GB transition lines for two special GBs based on the 0 K density functional theory (DFT) calculations reported in two prior studies [30,31] for Scripta Materialia 130 (2017) [165][166][167][168][169] …”

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Calculation and validation of a grain boundary complexion diagram for Bi-doped Ni

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2017

Scripta Materialia

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oA grain boundary (GB) "phase" (complexion) diagram is computed via a lattice type statistical thermodynamic model for the average general GBs in Bi-doped Ni. The predictions are calibrated with previously-reported density functional theory calculations and further validated by experiments, including both new and old aberrationcorrected scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization results as well as prior Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. This work supports a major scientific goal of developing GB complexion diagrams as an extension to bulk phase diagrams and a useful materials science tool.© 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Grain boundaries (GBs) can undergo phase-like transformations, for example, premelting [1] or adsorption [2] transitions, which can influence a broad range of materials properties [3][4][5]. Thus, GBs can be treated as "interfacial phases" that are thermodynamically two-dimensional (2-D) despite that they have thermodynamically-determined interfacial widths as well as through-thickness compositional and structural gradients. A new term "complexion" was introduced to differentiate such 2-D interfacial phases from the conventional bulk phases defined by Gibbs [1,3,4,6,7].Phase diagrams are one of the most useful tools for materials engineering. Materials scientists have long recognized that phase-like behaviors at GBs can often control the fabrication processing, microstructural evolution, and materials properties [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Thus, a potentially-transformative research is represented by the development of GB "phase" (a.k.a. complexion) diagrams as an extension to bulk phase diagrams and a generally-useful materials science tool. To support this goal, recent studies [9,10,13-16] have extended bulk CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methods to model coupled GB premelting and prewetting (a.k.a. the formation of nanoscale, impurity-based, quasi-liquid complexions) and subsequently constructed a class of "GB λ diagrams" to represent the thermodynamic tendency for general GBs to disorder at high temperatures. Although the predicted trends have been validated with direct high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19] and proven useful for forecasting sintering behaviors [9,10,[13][14][15]20], these GB λ diagrams are not yet rigorous GB complexion diagrams with well-defined transition lines. An early report in 1999 [21] also constructed a GB complexion diagram for Cu-Bi via a rather simple model that considered GBs as "quasi-liquid layers" to explain the GB segregation behaviors measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), but more recent aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC STEM) observed an ordered bilayer complexion in Cu-Bi instead [22]. GB complexion diagrams with first-order transition lines and critical points have been constructed using diffuse-interface (phase-field) [1,23,24] and latticetype [16,[25][26]...

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confidence: 99%

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract a R T I C L E I N F Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculation and validation of a grain boundary complexion diagram for Bi-doped Ni

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2017

Scripta Materialia

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L1₂‐Strengthened Co‐Rich Alloys for High‐Temperature Structural Applications: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Tremendous efforts have been made to accelerate the design of advanced high‐temperature structural materials, leading to the development of high‐performance Ni‐based superalloys with both superior thermal stability and creep resistance. However, further gains in the temperature capabilities are difficult to achieve due to the narrow gap between the γ′‐solvus temperature and their melting temperatures within Ni‐based superalloys. Given the 50–150 °C advantages in the melting points of Co‐rich alloys than those of the Ni‐based superalloys, as well as the discovery of L12 precipitates in the ternary Co–Al–W alloys, the L12‐strengthened Co‐rich alloys are immediately recognized as the promising candidates to be developed as next‐generation high‐temperature structural materials. Follow‐up studies indicate that they also preserve a mild segregation tendency during solidification and superior particle coarsening resistance as compared with Ni‐based superalloys. Promising research directions in the field of Co‐rich high‐temperature alloys are also discussed herein, including thermodynamic‐guided alloy design, grain boundary characteristics, and their correlations with mechanical properties, as well as unique deformation mechanisms and particle shearing configurations.

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Electric Field‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline Bi₂O₃‐Doped ZnO in Presence of a Secondary Liquid Phase

Yan

Luo

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Herein, a spectrum of electric field–induced microstructural evolution phenomena are observed in polycrystalline Bi2O3‐doped ZnO, and the underlying mechanisms are revealed. An applied electric field can drive the migration of bismuth (Bi) toward the negative electrode (including the motion of the charge‐neutral Bi‐rich liquid phase via electrochemical coupling), which produces a Bi‐free zone near the anode. The field‐induced migration of Bi creates a junction between electron‐conducting ZnO and ion‐conducting Bi2O3‐doped ZnO (via Bi2O3‐enriched liquid‐like intergranular films [IGFs]), where an oxygen ion current is converted to an electron current while generating O2 gas, generating a porosity belt. Aberration‐corrected electron microscopy further reveals the formation of three distinct types of grain boundaries (GBs). “Clean” ZnO GBs are observed near the anode, where Bi is depleted by the electric field. Bi2O3‐enriched liquid‐like IGFs (disordered GBs) are observed in the middle section. Near the cathode, electrochemical reduction induces an GB disorder–order transition to form fast‐moving Bi2O3‐enriched ordered GBs, which causes abnormal grain growth. Herein, several new field–matter interaction phenomena are discovered and an exemplar of field effects on microstructural evolution are established at multiple length scales in the presence of GB complexion (phase‐like) transitions.

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The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement

Cited by 271 publications

References 34 publications

Calculation and validation of a grain boundary complexion diagram for Bi-doped Ni

Calculation and validation of a grain boundary complexion diagram for Bi-doped Ni

L1₂‐Strengthened Co‐Rich Alloys for High‐Temperature Structural Applications: A Critical Review

Electric Field‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline Bi₂O₃‐Doped ZnO in Presence of a Secondary Liquid Phase

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The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement

Cited by 271 publications

References 34 publications

Calculation and validation of a grain boundary complexion diagram for Bi-doped Ni

Calculation and validation of a grain boundary complexion diagram for Bi-doped Ni

L12‐Strengthened Co‐Rich Alloys for High‐Temperature Structural Applications: A Critical Review

Electric Field‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline Bi2O3‐Doped ZnO in Presence of a Secondary Liquid Phase

Contact Info

Product

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L1₂‐Strengthened Co‐Rich Alloys for High‐Temperature Structural Applications: A Critical Review

Electric Field‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline Bi₂O₃‐Doped ZnO in Presence of a Secondary Liquid Phase