“…In some cases (Rudasill and Konold, 2008;Valiente et al, 2008Valiente et al, , 2010Valiente et al, , 2011Rudasill and Rimm-Kaufman, 2009;Iyer et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2010;Rhoades et al, 2011;Silva, 2011;Al-Hendawi and Reed, 2012;Morris et al, 2013;Gaias et al, 2016;Gartstein et al, 2016;Collings et al, 2017;Miller and Goldsmith, 2017;VanSchyndel et al, 2017;Bryce et al, 2018;Beceren and Özdemir, 2019;Johnson et al, 2019;Fung et al, 2020) the authors were further interested in whether temperament can be seen as a risk or protective factor. In most cases, it was found that higher Effortful Control has a positive relationship to greater school readiness -the success rate and lower Effortful Control can predict behavioral problems and thus problems at school (Valiente et al, 2008(Valiente et al, , 2010(Valiente et al, , 2011Iyer et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2010;Morris et al, 2013;Gartstein et al, 2016;VanSchyndel et al, 2017).…”