The role of agroforestry in industrialized nations: the southern hemisphere perspective with special emphasis on Australia and New Zealand

Mead, D. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00711722

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The planting of trees in improved pastures has been increasingly recognised in New Zealand as a useful land use practice for income diversification and also as a conservation measure against soil erosion (Mead, 1995). The productivity of a silvopastoral system depends largely on the ability of the system in capturing effectively the biophysical resources (solar radiation, soil moisture, soil nitrogen (N) and other nutrients) present in a given location and site (Ong, 1991: Yunusa et al, 1995a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological nitrogen fixing capacity and biomass production of different understorey pastures in a Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system in New Zealand

et al. 1996

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Quantitative field measurements of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and biomass production by four different understorey pastures in a Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system were determined over a period of one year. The trees were two years old at the beginning of this study and the understorey pastures were being cut and removed for silage. The BNF was determined using the ~SN dilution technique. Pastures of ryegrass+clover, cocksfoot+clover, phalaris+clover and lucerne were used. Substantial amounts of BNF were found (71 to 230 kg N ha -l year -~) with lucerne showing the highest N fixation. However, lucerne derived only 71 to 72% of its N from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) during the spring/summer period compared to 83-97% with clovers, thus the net N demand from the soil was substantially higher with lucerne. This caused increased N stress to the trees. Clover in ryegrass+clover pasture fixed more N than the other grass+clover pastures. Although pasture position in relation to trees did not affect annual pasture total DMY and %Ndfa, pastures north of tree row grew better than those in other positions. Trees significantly affected the BNF of legumes and the botanical composition of pastures with highest BNF and legume production occurring in pastures midway between two rows of trees. These results suggest that it would be advantageous to evaluate different legumes and grasses for tolerance of shade and moisture stress in future studies. As the trees studied were only 1.5 to 3 m in height, their effects on BNF, seasonal pasture biomass production and botanical composition are expected to increase with tree dominance in the ecosystem with time. Amounts of N fixed were related to the productivity (i.e. dry matter and N yield) and seasonal persistence of the legumes. The productivity was high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological nitrogen fixing capacity and biomass production of different understorey pastures in a Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system in New Zealand

et al. 1996

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“…Previous studies indicate that without strong and enforced regulations, or effective regulatory or market incentives, landowners are willing to retain remnant native woody vegetation if it is located on land unsuitable for pasture (Bradshaw et al, 1998;Wilson, 1992), and/or when there is significant private net benefit (Bradshaw et al, 1998;Fairweather, 1996;Mead, 1995;Rauniyar & Parker, 1998;Underwood & Ripley, 2000;Vokoun et al, 2010). The results of this study indicate many farmers do not believe woody vegetation provides sufficient benefit to offset its costs, particularly on productive pasture land.…”

Section: Are the Resulting Woody Vegetation Network Significantly Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, woody vegetation networks within many dairy landscapes were extensively planted by sheep farmers and were dominated by exotic, often single species (Mead, 1995), within shelterbelts and hedges. These networks provided vital functions to farmers, including shelter for sheep that are more sensitive to adverse weather than cows (NAWAC, 2014), and stock control (Olson & Holland, 1995).…”

Section: Are Woody Vegetation Network Changing In Composition Distrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing aesthetic services on farms is also a top reason why farmers plant woody vegetation, particularly adjacent to waterways, and wetlands/ponds. Studies demonstrate the look of the farm, particularly with respect to whether it looks efficient and tidy, is highly influential to farmer decisions (Carr & Tait, 1991;Mead, 1995;Nassauer, 1989;Wilson, 1992), and that policies and programmes that do not meet farmer aesthetic expectations are less likely to be implemented by farmers (Nassauer, 1989). Fairweather and Keating (1994) demonstrate the importance New Zealand farmers attribute to appearing to be hardworking, successful and/or environmentally responsible among their peers and to the public, and that farm appearance is a key way they communicate these traits.…”

Section: What Are Key Constraints and Enablers To Farmers Planting Womentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Zealand, studies indicate rangeland farmers value trees for sheltering stock, and in areas unsuitable for pasture (Bradshaw, Cocklin, & Smit, 1998;Wilson, 1992). A minority of farmers also value their aesthetic services (Fairweather, 1996), and appreciate their soil conservation services (Mead, 1995). Primary barriers to planting trees are time and money (Fairweather, 1996;Rauniyar & Parker, 1998;Rhodes, Leland, & Niven, 2002;Underwood & Ripley, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a dairy agri-environmental programme for restoring woody green infrastructure

McWilliam

Fukuda

Møller

et al. 2017

International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability

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Pastoral landscape woody vegetation provides ecosystem services, but potentially competes for space, light and nutrients that could provide additional farm production. A questionnaire determined the values and behaviours of New Zealand dairy farmers to evaluate voluntary agri-environmental programmes for restoring woody vegetation. Findings indicate the area is increasing, while the composition and configuration of networks are changing and redistributing. Farms with little are losing more, and those with more are gaining. Farmers are planting new areas to increase their public ecosystem services, but may not provide these services through planting and management. Barriers include insufficient private woody vegetation ecosystem services, and low rates of growth of native plants. Government incentive programmes are ineffective in overcoming barriers. Farmers may be motivated by stronger evidence of valued ecosystem services, information about their benefits and drawbacks and how to support services through planting and management. However, a targeted environmental stewardship scheme is required to overcome barriers to planting, with government and the dairy industry working together to develop and maintain a landscape-scaled woody vegetation network on private and public land. Such networks would build sustainability and resilience into dairy farming, leading to an equitably sharing of benefits and costs of their public ecosystem services. KEYWORDS

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Agroforestry as an Integrated, Multifunctional Land Use Management Strategy

Jose¹,

Garrett²,

Gold³

et al. 2021

ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books

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The role of agroforestry in industrialized nations: the southern hemisphere perspective with special emphasis on Australia and New Zealand

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Biological nitrogen fixing capacity and biomass production of different understorey pastures in a Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system in New Zealand

Biological nitrogen fixing capacity and biomass production of different understorey pastures in a Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry system in New Zealand

Evaluation of a dairy agri-environmental programme for restoring woody green infrastructure

Agroforestry as an Integrated, Multifunctional Land Use Management Strategy

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