The Role of Antioxidants in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Godić, Aleksandar; Poljšak, Borut; Adamič, Metka; Dahmane, Raja

doi:10.1155/2014/860479

Cited by 241 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Through the process of checking the free radicals, the antioxidants can make a difference between life and death and can determine the speed and the way in which we age (Godic et al, 2014). Very many tests and scientific experiments demonstrate that the persons who are eating a diet rich in antioxidants and take a supplement of antioxidants, live longer and healthier (Schagen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Can Slow Down the Aging through Antioxidants

Aversa¹,

Petrescu²,

Apicella³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Free radicals are natural nanoparticles which are doing their part well defined in the human cell, but then they must be annihilated or eliminated to not destroy the cell or another part of our body. It has been shown that residual free radicals in the body are responsible for the aging. The role to annihilate them is ful-filled by the antioxidants. Antioxidants are a group of compounds produced by the organism or that occur naturally in many foods. Antioxidants work together in the human body to maintain health and vigor, especially during the last decades of life. They do this by protecting us from harm caused by free radicals that can destroy skin and tissues healthy cells of the organism. Antioxidants are chemical compounds with many and varied applications. Naturally present in our diet, through fruits, vegetables, tea or red wine, they are recognized to be good for health. In fact, antioxidants protect our body's proteins and nucleic acids from oxidation. In the industry, antioxidants are also used as food additives to increase the shelf life of food. They are also present in the packaging or the wheels of cars because they prevent synthetic materials from becoming crumbly and brittle. Finally, in the cosmetics industry, creams containing antioxidants are known for their anti-aging properties. An antioxidant is a molecule that decreases or prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. Oxidation is part of an oxidation-reduction reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. This reaction can produce radicals that cause destructive chain reactions. However, whatever the field of application, the unstable nature of antioxidants is a problem: The molecules degrade rapidly and have a particularly limited power of action over time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Can Slow Down the Aging through Antioxidants

Aversa¹,

Petrescu²,

Apicella³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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show abstract

“…UV radiation leads to skin damage due to free radical oxygen [8,9]; such events are related to activation protein-1, growth factor-beta, and nuclear factor-B [10]. These factors trigger the collapse of collagen structure in the skin, resulting in wrinkles, solar elastosis, and coarse texture [11].…”

Section: Protect Skin Against Uv Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and Skin

Sugiura¹,

Sugiura²

2018

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Vitamin C (VC) is one of nine water-soluble vitamins. VC is known as ascorbic acid (AA), which is a reduced form of VC. AA plays some essential roles in the human body: (1) protecting skin against UV damage; (2) preventing hyperpigmentation of the skin; (3) improving skin inflammation and reducing photocarcinogenesis; (4) increasing collagen fiber; (5) reducing oxidative stress; and (6) immuno-modulating effects. AA deficiency affects collagen and vessels structure, wound healing and hemostasis, and scurvy. VC and AA are essential for life. We hope development of new medicines using VC or AA because of few adverse side effects of VC and AA.

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“…Antioxidant functions imply lowering oxidative stress, DNA mutations, malignant transformations, as well as other parameters of cell damage [96]. Antioxidants reactions can deplete molecular oxygen or decreasing its local concentration, removing pro oxidative metal ions, trapping aggressive ROS such as superoxide anion radical or hydrogen peroxide, scavenging chain initiating radicals like hydroxyl OHÁ, alkoxyl ROÁ or peroxyl ROOÁ, breaking the chain of a radical sequence or quenching singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) [97].…”

Section: Endogenous/exogenous Defense Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress: Noxious but Also Vital

Bagatini¹,

Jaques²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2018

Novel Prospects in Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress

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The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses determines the condition called oxidative stress. When there is an increase in ROS production or a decrease in the antioxidant defenses, this systemic antioxidant/pro-oxidant imbalance may lead to the accumulation of oxidative damage, which, in turn, may lead to a modification of biomolecules. These consist of reactions resulting in protein adducts, DNA oxidation, and formation of lipid peroxides, which, in turn, reduce the cellular functional capacity and increase the risk of disease development. The body has natural scavenging systems against free radicals and other reactive species. However, sometimes the endogenous antioxidant capacity is exceeded by the production of ROS. When this occurs, exogenous antioxidants exert important function for the human health. These bioactive compounds act preventing and neutralizing the formation of new reactive species and free radical s .I ns o m ec a s e s ,a n increase of ROS can help the host to resolve an infection or even to control the tumor growth. Finally, the levels of ROS can be perceived by signal transduction pathways involving known targets(i.e.,p53,Ras,andNF-κB) and regulate physiopathological events such as the cellular cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation.Keywords: reactive species, cellular oxidation, antioxidant system, health, disease © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cellular respiration and generation of reactive species in the mitochondria: implications in cell viability and agingOxidative phosphorylation is the center of energy metabolism in plants, animals and several microbial life forms [1]. In eukaryotes, this process occurs in mitochondria. The mitochondria is a cytoplasmic organelle surrounded by two membranes, outer and inner membrane, which main function is the production of most of the phosphate compounds necessary for the energetic balance of the cell. In addition, other functions such as the regulation of the body'sheatgeneration [2][3][4] programmed cell death [5][6][7], reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell signaling [8] is also associated with mitochondria. Cellular vitality is directly related to mitochondria, and mitochondrial dysfunctions are frequent causes of accidental cell death [5,[9][10][11], cancer [12, 13], diabetes [14][15][16] and neurodegenerative diseases [17][18][19], among others.The characterization of the respiratory electron chain could be performed in studies using the fractionation of its components by certain detergents that at low concentrations break the interactions between proteins and lipids in the membranes, leaving associations between proteins intact [20]. In electron transport chain, through this process, four protein complexes were found....

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The Role of Antioxidants in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Cited by 241 publications

References 38 publications

One Can Slow Down the Aging through Antioxidants

One Can Slow Down the Aging through Antioxidants

Vitamin C and Skin

Oxidative Stress: Noxious but Also Vital

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